Wilde Bay (Port Hope Simpson Mysterien 6) (German Edition)

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Edited by Mary ClemmerAmes. Hypersensitivity, a vast subject: This state is an integral part of the personality of the gifted, it is a neurophysiological reality. It is an attempt to explain what tree thinking or analog thought is about linear or sequential thinking. The gifted and love 1This fear will stop him. But his desire for love, his idealistic side will often push him beyond. It is a very great strength. Because if we have our weaknesses, we also have strengths.

The pleasure of nipples in menNipple Gay Mark is a young Gay that the pleasure of nipples puts in a trance. The vocabulary of all the characters is plain. The mime and gestures are often exaggerated. Soviet military men try to shoot down the plane, and the American pilot tries to escape. Poor Soviet living conditions.

The latter look like caricatures — with hysterical mime and gestures, a primitive vocabulary. The Soviet characters are dressed in plain grey clothes. The majority of the characters are dressed in a military uniform. Their physical development is apparently above the average. Characters, as a rule, are of a shapely constitution and look rather nice. Their clothes, vocabulary and mime are of average quality. They are of a different ideological, social and material status.

The characters are usually dressed in the military uniform. They both are well-built. They speech is plain. The mime and gestures are emotional. Its pilot is a charming Russian beauty who gets fascinated by America; the American colonel falls in love with her at first sight, they get married… Incipient problem: The reunited couple steals Soviet aviation secrets and flies back to Alaska, having stolen the newest Russian jet fighter They belong to different social strata. Their clothes are in line with their social status — the members of the Romanov family are dressed elegantly.

The mime is often exaggerated and gestures are emotional. The members of the Russian tsar's family who are in emigration know that in July, Tsar Nickolas the Second, his wife Alexandra and their children were shot by Bolsheviks. However, all of a sudden, in a Western Europe country there shows up a young woman who calls herself the daughter of the Russian tsar — Anastasia. And though journalists dig up true facts Maria Fedorovna gives Anastasia her blessing to marry a former Russian general… The Golden Moment.

An Olympic Love Story. An ascetic mode of Soviet life. The characters prefer sportswear. Both of them are well- built. The mime and gestures are those of common people. The clothes of western characters look brighter and better than those of Soviet characters. The constitution, vocabulary, mime and gestures are differentiated but in whole the main characters who according to the plot are destined to fall in love have a pleasant appearance. In relation to the heroine — Kovalenko — the methods of representation change in the course of the plot: Kovalenko, a shapely beautiful woman and KGB captain in the beginning she is ascetic and possessed by communist ideas and ethics, but in the end she yields to the temptations of the western life and is dressed in the extreme of the fashion and an elegant, charming British captain of counterintelligence.

At the end of the film the heroine undergoes serious changes — coherent plain English replaces the former officialese, her mime and gestures get also humanized. Both the films are remakes of the well-known comedy Ninotchka directed by E. However, in relation to the principal heroine — Ninotchka — the means of image presentation undergo changes in the course of the plot: An ascetic mode of life of East Berlin Germanys.

In relation to one of major characters — a guy from East Berlin — the means of image presentation undergo changes in the course of the plot: The guy is simply and poorly dressed. Soviet and western characters of a contrasting ideological and social status. They look according to the aim of the media text sources: Soviet characters if they do not make plans to defect to the West are shown as rude and cruel zealots with a primitive vocabulary, ever frowning faces, active gesticulation and disagreeable voices The Soviet characters are caricatured but it is a well-meant rather than a malicious caricature.

The American characters are patriotic, charming, polite, precautionary, ready to help the Soviet seamen unaccustomed to the comfortable American mode of life; they are well dressed, their speech is plain, their mime and gestures depend on a situation in the beginning the Americans are apparently scared suspecting that the Russian plan to attack the USA.

The Soviet seamen are dressed in the military form, often and actively gesticulate, they are emotionally unstable. Moscow and New York streets, shops, flats. Poor living conditions in the USSR. Comfortable living conditions in America. The Soviet lifestyle, on the contrary, is shown from the most negative point of view dark streets, queues for toilet paper, petrol shortage, etc. Characters, their values, clothing, constitution, lexicon, mime, and gestures: Soviet citizens and common Americans, they are of a different ideological, social and material status.

The main Soviet character performed by R. Williams who wished to immigrate to America is originally shown with sympathy and compassion. This character is marked by hysteroid mime and gestures, foul language, but even he finally makes up his mind to stay and live in America. The clothing and food of the Soviet characters are scarce that is why they all admire the American supermarket supplies. It is curious that the film contains Russian speech though it is given in the form of a distorted accent what was a rare thing in western films of that time.

Frenchmen are dressed in the latest Paris fashions; the Soviet characters are shabbily dressed, their vocabulary is poor, mime and gestures are exaggerated. Frenchmen come to Moscow and find themselves in a whirlpool of comical events… Incipient problem: Vocabulary — businesslike, the mime and gestures are in accordance with the current functions. Their clothes, speech, mime and gestures are rather commonplace. The Soviet characters are wearing a military uniform. Americans get united for a struggle against the Soviet aggressors.

The Soviet and Cuban characters are wearing a military uniform. Americans get united for a struggle against the Soviet-Cuban aggressors. New Russian image of the Western Screen? The post-communist epoch also gave rise to quite a few myths. The western screen ceased to create an enemy image of Russia.

Even a superficial analysis of the filmography of Present easily refutes this thesis. In practice the number of western films about Russia and with Russian characters has increased. But again everything depends on a media text. The Russian screen reacted to the situation with a surge of the so- called gory films. The inertia period in film production told on the western interpretations of the Russian theme of — there were realized films appealing to some historical events of the past such as Stalin directed by I.

Wargnier which was released in the late s.

Perhaps, the first American films that tried to avoid the traditional anti- Sovietism or condescending sympathy for perestroika were Prisoner of Time by M. Levinson and Little Odessa by J. The American film director M. Levinson was, apparently, well-intentioned. He was eager to relate a drama of an expatriate Russian artist living in the USA. Alas, an unintelligible indistinct dramatic concept of the film prevented the actors from creating characters that could ring more or less true.

That is why their acting resembled a bad amateur performance: As a result, Prisoner of Time the authors apparently hinted at B. And at times it is something in the mixed genre Russian Doll, ; Birthday Girl, However, sometimes the western screen seemed to recall old melodramatic comedies of the s where charming Soviet women who were KGB agents fell in love with nice American officers. Jacob was made in this retro manner.

Gerolmo is a thematic example of the contemporary western interpretation of the Russian image. It is a sad story about the crimes of sexual maniac and murderer A. The poverty of the Soviet population is incredibly exaggerated: People are dressed in the fashion of the ss if not the s the same goes with well-off people. And it does not concern only clothing. The interiors and exteriors of buildings are also taken from the ss. This time the role of the main character was played by demonic Malcolm McDowell.

It did not even occur to them that such fellows who have nothing to do with communist ideas and special services are not uncommon on the vast expanse of America and in small cosy towns of Western Europe… Naturally, the western cinematograph of the s was concerned not only with Russian sexual maniacs. Much more often Russian military men and representatives of the Russian mafia became bad guys, very often represented all in one.

In the previous films James Bond struggled mainly with agents of a secret villainous organization — Spectrum but not with Russians. He mows down rookies in the Soviet uniform by platoons. After several years he arrives in modern Russia. But, as shown in the film, it is by no means a democratic country, it is marasmic and dangerous: Russian generals-Mafiosi who know the codes to secret space weapons aim to ruin London. Well, after all, it is a Bondiana! Any competent viewer in any country will immediately guess that it is a parody.

And that is where you are wrong! In some moment the mockery-conventional style completely vanishes and is replaced by a serious speculation about the Soviet empire that became even more unpredictable and dangerous after its disintegration. After the film Goldeneye the leading Hollywood studios got down to the Russian topic in real earnest.

In the film Air Force One by director W. Petersen the American president fights with Russian terrorists in person. In the movie The Saint directed by P. Such action films as Maximum Risk , Eraser , The Jackal , Counter Measures and others were made in the same spirit. For example, in the film Stiletto Dance American policemen penetrate into a Russian gang that is going — neither more nor less than — to blast out a nuclear bomb in the centre of New York… The Russian topic is widely presented in western sci-fi movies of the post-Soviet period though to a lesser degree than in the s.

To our regret the plots here cannot be called pro-Russian either. For example, here is the plot of the movie The Rage directed by R. The film was financed by a Germany corporation. Mission to Moscow from exploiting the western stereotypes concerning new Russia: For example, in they shot a thriller — Bullet to Beijing directed by J. Caine starring in the film. It was shot in St. The characters of the film fought with the Chechen mafia. However, namely in the s it has reached its climax. Cruel Russian gangsters and mafiosi, frequently presented in an absurd and absolutely improbable manner by western actors Eastern Promises by D.

Cronenberg with Frenchmen trying to play Russian gangsters who settled down in London have become sort of symbolic characters on the USA and European screens. Why are Russia and Russians suitable for Hollywood? Russians, what is of no small importance, are white. Hollywood especially after the Los Angeles events is careful not to show Latin Americans, Afro-Americans or South-Eastern Asians as villains who constitute a considerable part of the population and by the way! It is also very convenient that the Russian lobby in America does not show their mettle.

If Hollywood offends any other nations in its action films one can remember the recent events with Arabs and Japanese the cinemas get picketed by the disaffected. At the same time, it is necessary to consider S. Apart from purely utilitarian goals say what you like — any time-proved dramaturgic conflict works like a charm, an old foe is worth two new ones Yankees voluntarily or not show us their respect by choosing us for the only worthy adversary that is as menacing as before. Why should they be afraid of Japan or Germany defeated on real battlefields?

They had no opportunity to whip Russia in reality — and God forbid! It is better to fight on the screen, simulate dashing star wars, combats in the air, afloat and overland. It is also possible to kick back without consequences, and to send all this notorious political correctness to hell and whereby to hit the big time. At the same time, unlike the period of western films on the Russian theme of fed not only on confrontation plots military confrontation, espionage, mafia and so forth but also on satisfying the interests of the sizable Russian-speaking diaspora that has delegated their representatives in the American and European film business.

All this caused continuous presence of films about Russians in the western first of all, American film production. Hence it is clear why in many American serials where the scene is laid in the USA there appears, at least in one episode, a Russian character-emigrant or any Russian who arrived in America for some reason the best-known case is — the appearance of Russian character M. Thanks God, that he is not always a spy, a gangster or an alcoholic. In both the films the masters developed a parable-like game with their pet creative motives laid over the ironical interpretation of conventional images of Russia.

But, in our opinion, in either case the great masters especially Greenaway could not get rid of the stereotyped western image of Russia and created the films that cannot be considered first-rate in their career. It goes without saying that the leading parts in megabudgetary blockbusters with Russian motives are played by well-known American actors — H. But the movies Goldeneye, Air Force One, The Saint revealed a new tendency of the western screen — to invite not only home Slavonic emigrants but also actors from Russia for minor and walk-on part.

Safonova in the western motion-picture industry for each of them played maximum in a dozen of western film. A true film army of influence agents in Hollywood in the s — s consisted not of them but of hundreds of Russian emigrants who arrived there during the last twenty years and settled down in the USA and Western Europe. Many of them are almost unknown in Russia, however the lists of American and West European films with their involvement look rather impressive: Ilia Volok was filmed in films, Andrew Divoff was in 90 films.

They are followed by: Some Russian emigrants A. Nakhapetov managed to start their own film production in the s — s in the USA as a rule, they shoot amusing action films and thrillers such as Treasure Raiders anyhow connected to the Russian theme. The characters are often separated not only by social but also by material status. Russian characters are often represented as rude and violent fellows, with primitive vocabulary and frowning faces, active gestures and unpleasant voices. Enemy at the Gates.

Soviet and Nazi soldiers and officers which are separated by ideological status. Nazi are professional, clever and honest soldiers, their speech, mimics and gestures correspond with army regulations. Their Soviet opponents less care about army regulations, severe Soviet officers shoot retreating soldiers. Germany army is well- disciplined and organized tanks, planes, motorcycles, different weapons. Soviet army can lose the battle on the Volga. Soviet troops mobilize all forces to win, sniper Zaytsev kills enemies with accurate shots. Soviet army defeats the Germanys, sniper Zaytsey shoots the best Germany sniper… K His subordinates are also dressed in uniform, they are all professionals.

Divided by ideology and world outlook, or without any of those, as a rule the characters are sturdy and look in accordance with the aims of the source of the media texts: Russian bad characters are represented as rude and violent, their vocabulary is poor, their faces wear a frown, their gestures are abrupt and their voices are unpleasant Chikatilo who murdered tens of children ; the good characters are militiamen.

The characters wear grey, plain clothes. All the characters are dressed into fashionable clothes of high quality. Both are reserved in showing their feelings and thoughts. Among the good characters the most notable is the charming beauty Chiara Sophie Marceau. French police and Interpol are trying to trail Zimmer and the Russian mafia… Problem solution: Great Britain— Germany— Spain - Lithuania, Russia, the XXI century. The bad ones this is revealed later — their criminal fellow-traveler, and the insidious militiaman Grinko.

The American woman, unwilling to be raped, kills her criminal fellow-traveler, who was connecter with drug mafia. Later on the violent Grinko wants to kill the defenseless Americans The characters are often separated by ideology and world outlook, as a rule they are sturdy, they look accordance with the aims of the source of the media texts. Moscow looks like gloomy, dirty, unfriendly city with unstable political regime. Mimics and gestures are often exaggerated. Spain of the s and the USA of the s. The latter are represented in the grotesque way: The Soviet characters are dressed in homely and dull clothes.

The main character has to choose either to become a killer or to lose his family. The speech of the characters is simple, it is often connected with military specificity. Mimics and gestures of the characters are often exaggerated. Most characters are dressed in uniform. Their physical strength is evidently above the average. Indiana Jones is captured by Soviet special forces.

Indiana Jones defeats the Soviet commandos. As a rule the characters are slender and look quite nice. Great Britain, London, It is difficult for Natasha to get used to the life in the country with other social and cultural traditions. General clothes of the characters correspond with their social status — they are well-dressed, though without any particular nicety. The vocabulary of the characters is simple, mimics and gestures are forced at times.

Natasha now cares about her own survival, not the love intrigue… Birthday Girl. Great Britain, London suburb, John is represented as a lonely man who dreamed about love of a Russian beauty… General clothes of the British characters are quite modern, without any particular nicety. Nadja is dressed exaggeratedly grossly. The vocabulary of the characters is simple. At the beginning Nadja is able to express herself only with forced gestures and mimics.

Nadja who is connected with Russian criminals and accustomed to the adventurous life in Russia, marries the bank clerk John and settles in his apartment in London suburb. Lilja, her Russian relatives and acquaintances live in horrible poverty, incapable of getting accustomed to the post-Soviet life. General clothes of the characters correspond to their social status, the Swedish are well-dressed, the Russians are dressed baldly and tastelessly. The vocabulary of the characters is simple, mimics and gestures are at times forces.

Lilja is trying to break away from the trap… Problem solution: Clothes of Western characters are better than those of Russian ones. Their figures, vocabulary, gestures and mimics are different, but in general if the main characters fall in love with each other they are of pleasing appearance. Katya apparently lived in poverty in St. General clothes of the characters corresponds with their social status, the Australians are well-dressed, Katya is dressed worse at first. The vocabulary of the characters is simple, mimics and gestures are at times forced. Having read a marriage advertisement, Katya leaves for Australia.

Katya finds out that her future bridegroom is dead, as a result she is left alone in the foreign country without any money… Search for solutions to the problem: Katya is trying to find a way out of the predicament, then she meets Ethan… Problem solution: Ethan proposes Katya to contract a pro forma marriage with his friend… Spinning Boris. American characters are represented only in positive key. The Russian characters, on the contrary, are disorganized, lacking understanding and skills. General clothes of the characters correspond to their social status — the Americans are wearing business suits.

Some of the Russians are dressed in a vulgar way. The vocabulary of the characters is simple, their mimics and gestures are at times forced. Yeltsin becomes the president. The vocabulary of the characters is simple, their mimics and gestures are exaggerated Russia, the USA, other countries, outer space. His murderers look nastily, their gestures and mimics express violence and anger. The vocabulary of the characters is simple and is connected with spaces specifics. The characters are dressed in space uniform. Leder Historical period, scene: The vocabulary of the characters is simple and is connected with space specifics.

Hermeneutic Analysis The media texts under analysis have been disregarded by Russian culture experts, political scientists, historians and film experts for many decades. In the Soviet period it was not done to mention whatever feature films on the subject of Russia were shot in the Nazi Germany. Nusinova in her complete monograph devoted to the Russian cinema abroad published in the 21st century avoids this topic Nusinova, It seems rather odd since the cinema of the Third Reich had a famous actress Olga Chekhova , producer Victor Turzhansky , actors Nikolay Kolin , Boris Alekin — , etc.

Vasilchenko, a well-known analyst of Nazi history, also neglected the Russian theme in German films of the period in his book about the Nazi cinema Vasilchenko, In our earlier works Fedorov, ; ; , etc. This time we shall take audiovisual media texts of the Nazi cinema on the theme of Russia as an example.

The analysis of these media texts, in our opinion, is especially important for media education of future historians, culture experts, art critics, social scientists, philologists, psychologists and teachers. Historical Context a Setting. The films under analysis were created and shown on the western screen in the second half of the s - in the early s. On average one or two films on the theme of Russia were made per year in Nazi Germany. How did the media texts comment on the events? How does the awareness of the historical background contribute to the comprehension of the media texts?

That is why there were two conceptions of reflecting ''the Russian world'' in the Nazi cinematography: It should also be noted that after the German intervention on the USSR in both tsarist and emigrant Russia ceased to interest the cinematography of the Third Reich and was at best on the fringes of plots for example, in the form of episodes with Russians whereas the Nazi film, G. Ideological, Political Contexts How do media texts reflect, strengthen, instill or form this or that ideology? One cannot but feel an obvious propagandistic message aimed at persuading the audience that: Tchaikovsky — It Was a Gay Ballnight ; - at the same time the imperial policy of Russia could be dangerous for other European countries The Citadel of Warsaw, Cadets ; - after one can express sympathy only with Russians who suffered from Bolsheviks and those who emigrated to the West Battleship ''Sebastopol'' — White Slaves, From Midnight, etc.

In whole, the ideological and political contexts of the world outlook presented in Nazi feature films on the theme of Russia may be outlined in the following way Table 1: Bolshevist values What values dominate in the end?

What does it mean to be a It means to be a monarchist, It means to be a bolshevist — success in this world? In this aspect world? Cultural Context How do media texts reflect, strengthen, or form cultural: In this respect it is interesting to analyze Karl Anton's film Battleship ''Sebastopol'' — White Slaves in which the myth about the rebellious Battleship Potemkin brilliantly created by Sergei Eisenstein was apparently used.

And it is not accidental since as late as the then head of the Culture Department minister J. Goebbels said about the film Battleship Potemkin at the meeting with German filmmakers: From the cinematographic point of view it is unmatched. The one who has no firm political convictions could have become a Bolshevik after watching the film. Even the worst ideas can be propagandized with artistic means'' Vasilchenko, , 5. Thus it was a government order in its way to create a Nazi analog of S.

And in this order was completed by K. Einstein's film stirred up a rebellion on shipboard. But this event was given with a reversed sign, i. He disarms the rebels and frees the captives. At the end of the film Count Volkov pronounces a conceptual phrase of the film Battleship ''Sebastopol'': The enemies of civilization must be destructed.

The struggle is pursued! At the same time, not only Russian but also German actors were involved in the film. Basic Drama Stereotypes of the Media Texts: In particular, in the film G. It was at this point that the Nazi army started their occupation of Holland. So, taking the advantage of the bombing and panic of Soviet ''diplomats'' Peter kills the torturer-Cheka officer, frees Irina from the cell who is more dead than alive, helps her get out into the street where Wehrmacht tanks are already rolling over it. Simple dwellings and conditions of life of ''ordinary'' characters of course if they are not in Soviet prison cells ; luxurious apartments of the Russian aristocracy.

Everyday life of Bolsheviks is shown with somewhat grotesque but in whole it is also verisimilar there are portraits of leaders on the walls, etc. Typology of characters their values, ideas, ethics, clothing, constitution, vocabulary, mime, gestures Character's age: Character's appearance, clothes, constitution: The appearance of these characters is attractive as a rule, especially it concerns the representatives of aristocracy; b Bolshevist characters are normally dressed in a uniform with attributes of the time a leather jacket, cartridge belts, a Mauser, etc.

Marital status of characters also depends on the film plots. Bolshevist characters are shown as malicious, rude and cruel fanatics with a primitive speech, active gesticulation and rough voice timbres. Positive characters, on the contrary, are gallant and soft-voiced. In whole the characters of all Nazi media texts on the subject of Russia are given only in an outline without a psychological insight. Value orientations ideological, religious, others of a character: The values of positive characters are close to ''all-European'' ones. Conduct of a character, his strategy of conflict resolution: Bolshevist characters in most cases behave cruelly and mercilessly but their victims either suffer from a feeling of doom and dread or show determination to stand up to the end.

The actions of Russian characters from Nazi films about the time before depend on certain plots and genres and can vary in a wide range — both negative Russian characters in the war drama Cadets and positive P. I Tchaikovsky in the musical melodrama It Was a Gay Ballnight Significant changes in the media text plot and characters' lives, the incipient problem, search for solutions to the problem In the films with Bolshevist characters a peaceful and happy life of positive characters is broken by aggressive actions of revolutionary seamen, Cheka officials and other negative personalities.

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And there is only solution to the problem, i. Charles Amberg, Hans Martin Cremer and others. Gabriela Zapolska, Fritz Peter Buch. Jean Victor, Jean Victor and others. Felix Lutzkendorf, Karl Ritter. Gerhard Menzel based on. Pushkin's story ''The Postmaster''. Analysis and the interpretation of the Federal Republic of Germany films connected with the Russian image interpretation and scientific literature about the research topic are very important.

Because without those it is impossible to arrange, to systematize, to investigate contexts, basic stages, directions, purposes and tasks, contents, genre models, etc. I analyzed the image of Russia in the screen mirror of the Federal Republic of Germany for: However, if the action takes place on the World War II or in the Soviet or Nazi camps, the living conditions of both Soviet and German characters quite ascetic; - methods of depicting reality: Characters shared not only social, but often material status.

Separated by ideology and worldview bourgeois, communist, Nazi , characters, usually filed according to the settings of a media source: Characters of the Russian Empire or the Russian immigrants are often shown on the positive side. But some of the Soviet characters e. Representative examples of films: Structure and genre stereotypes of detectives and thrillers - historical period, locale: Soviet spies may at some timeto look pretty, but then be sure to find its ugly essence.

Soviet characters border guards, heads of the KGB, etc. Specific examples of the movie: The Spy , Charlie Muffin , etc. Structure and genre stereotypes of melodramatic films - historical period, locale: Characters tend to have slender physique and looks quite nice. Their clothing, language and facial expressions are "average" framework; - significant change in the lives of the characters: No Way Back , etc.

Structure and genre stereotypes of comedy films - historical period, locale: Soviet and Western characters with contrasting ideological and social status. They look as set sources of media texts: Soviet characters unless of course they have not conceived flop to the West are shown with vulgar fanatics primitive vocabulary forever scowling faces, active gestures and unpleasant tone of voice; - significant change in the lives of the characters: Comrade Munchausen , Two girls with red star , etc.

However, if the action takes place on the World War II or in the Soviet and Nazi concentration camps, the living conditions of both Soviet and German characters quite ascetic. Characters shared not only social, but often material status, ideology, worldview bourgeois, communist, Nazi. Characters of modern Russia mostly - women can be displayed positive if they are not connected with the secret police, mafia, crime; - significant change in the lives of the characters: Separated by ideology and worldview bourgeois, communist, Nazi characters tend to have a strong constitution and look according to the settings of a media source: Russian characters are shown in a more differentiated.

Specific examples of the films:

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