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Se usa en general para expresar superioridad. He flew above the mountains: La Paz is meters above the sea level: She lives across the street: Ella vive al otro lado de la calle. Puede indicar tiempo o lugar.
She left after lunch: Indica lugar o circunstancia. Put the table against the wall: Pon la mesa contra la pared. I have nothing against him: The ship sails along the coastline: El barco navega a lo largo de la costa. A house among the trees: I was among the last to leave: Puede indicar tiempo, lugar o circunstancia. We were sitting around the table: Around seven o clock: Alrededor de las siete. He is at the airport now: She was there at five o clock: At what price is this car sold?: She is quite at ease: Se encuentra a gusto. At seven o clock: A las siete en punto.
El 24 de agosto. He arrived before me: Turn left just before the theatre: Gire a la izquierda justo antes del teatro. I put it behind the painting: He s the man behind the scheme: Bajo el nivel del mar. Below implica un nivel inferior al que se hace referencia, con el que no existe contiguidad, mientras que under implica una cierta inmediatez, una proximidad mayor. Puede indicar lugar o circunstancia. Sit beside your classmate: To drive between Madrid and Barcelona: Conducir entre Madrid y Barcelona. Between seven o clock and eight o clock: Entre las siete y las ocho.
He lives beyond his means: Vive por encima de sus posibilidades. Se usa para expresar: Come and sit by me: I went to Mexico by airplane: The room measures 10 metres by 6: We went to Poland by land: Fuimos a Polonia por tierra. The bridge was designed by Calatrava: I will be back by six: I swear by almighty God to tell the truth: Juro por Dios decir la verdad.
Estudio de las preposiciones C-O: Despite what she says: A pesar de lo que ella dice. Come down from that tree!: I began to feel ill during the concert: Yesterday it rained for two hours: She will soon start for France: For the following reasons. Por las siguientes razones. To pray for peace: Rezar por la paz. I haven t seen him for five days: She is writing a letter for me: I ve been living in London for two months: Vivo en Londres desde hace dos meses.
I ve been living in London since February: Vivo en Londres desde febrero. Indica lugar, tiempo o circunstancia. I m from Spain: Take the scissors from the child: He did it from spite: Lo hizo por despecho. I study from morning till night: Desde el 20 de julio.
Puede indicar tiempo o circunstancia. We live in Valencia: In the year You arrived in Madrid in september: Llegaste a Madrid en Septiembre. In the morning In the afternoon: In the evening , At night. I ll see you in a week s time: The inside of the box: El interior de la caja.
Puede indicar lugar o circunstancia Ex. I went into the bedroom: A journey into the unknown: Un viaje hacia lo desconocido. The car ran into a wall: Into en implica movimiento. Se usa en comparaciones y ejemplos. You think like my mother: Piensas como mi madre. I want a skirt like that: Quiero una falda como esa. Puede indicar lugar, tiempo o circunstancia.
Is there a police station near here?: Al este de Londres. He is proud of her daughter: She fell of the ladder: A street off the main place: Una calle que sale de la plaza principal. My hat is on the table: We will see you on Saturday: I m here on business: To lecture on Shakespeare: Dar clases sobre Shakespeare. This room looks out on Sesame Street: Outside the prison walls: We flew over New York: Volamos sobre Nueva York.
Put a cloth over the table: Pon un mantel sobre la mesa c De un lado a otro: A bridge over the River Kwai: We ll discuss it over dinner: Lo discutiremos durante la cena. He s over Estudio de las preposiciones P-Z: She walked past the bank: It s ten past five: Son las cinco y diez. We were sitting round around the table: Round about five o clock: Alrededor de las cinco. I have not seen him since January: No le he visto desde enero. He made his way through the traffic: We bought it through an agent: I shall be here until tomorrow: Let s go to the cinema!: Se omite normalmente delante de la palabra home casa, en el sentido de hogar propio: She came home at eight: We went to Peter s home: Fuimos a casa de Peter.
We went to his home: Fuimos a su casa. He gave it to John: I prefer walking to driving: Prefiero caminar a conducir. One goal to nil: Un gol a cero. A quarter to eight: Las ocho menos cuarto. She went towards the door: Fue hacia la puerta. Towards the end of the film: Debajo de la silla. Indica lugar o movimiento hacia arriba. She went up the ladder: Cut it with a knife: To tremble with fear: A girl with blond hair: Go and look for him: Gramaticalmente, las conjunciones se dividen en coordinantes y subordinantes dependiendo que coordinen o subordinen dos palabras u oraciones.
De igual forma, tanto las conjunciones coordinantes como las subordinantes se subdividen a su vez gramaticalmente. She trembled as he spoke: Leave the room as you find it: He is not so tall as you are: Rich as he is, he isn t happy: Por muy rico que sea, no es feliz. As you weren t there I left a message: Both Elizabeth and Helen…: She is rich, but unhappy: Ella es rica pero desgraciada.
He s not only conceited but also selfish: Nobody but you could be so stupid: He must be either drunk or drugged: They were tired, for they had worked all day: I ll stay if you help me: If I could just interrupt you there…: I didn t do it lest he should beat me: No lo hice por miedo a que me pegase.
He acts like he owns the place: Not only I read English but also I write it: There were 35 or 40 people there: Hands up or I ll shoot!: He can t read or write: No sabe leer ni escribir. She only saw him twice while he was staying there: While I admit it is difficult, I don t think it is impossible: Indican cuanto de algo estamos hablando. All three cars are mine. Is there any more beer? I go to France every two weeks. Bueno, tengo una buena noticia para todos. No obstante, no nos confiemos del todo. He never plays with his children: Nunca juega con sus hijos.
Let s play at pirates!: Podemos clasificar los verbos en dos tipos: Los verbos normales pueden dividirse a su vez en verbos regulares y verbos irregulares. No siguen ninguna norma, por lo que debemos aprenderlos de memoria. Ser, estar - To have: Haber, tener - To do: Para hablar sobre la posibilidad y capacidad, pedir y dar permiso, pedir y ofrecer cosas. Para hablar sobre la posibilidad, pedir y dar permiso. Se utilizan para formar el futuro.
Se utilizan para formar el condicional. Yo soy I am not: Yo soy Am I?: Cuando la pregunta se formula en tiempo presente, generalmente se antepone el verbo auxiliar do , que adquiere la forma did cuando la pregunta se formula en tiempo pasado simple. Las formas de futuro se forman con shall y will , mientras que el presente progresivo se forma con el verbo to be.
I do not play: We will not play: They are not playing: You are rich, are you not?: You are not rich, are you?: John didn t go and neither did I: John no fue y yo tampoco. To talk about something that happens always or frequently. To describe true facts and natural laws. They watch TV every afternoon. The Earth is not a flat. To talk about what is happening now. To refer a repeated action with annoyance. She is watching TV at the moment.
She is always laughing at him! To refer to past situations that extend to the present. To talk about recent actions. The Republicans have won the elections. He has been very nervous lately. Present Perfect Continuous To convey progression. They have been reading all morning. For predictions about the future. For instant or spontaneous reactions. She will go there tomorrow. I will answer the phone. For firm intentions and arranged things. For predictions based on the present. He is going to be an architect in two years. That child is going to fall!
Future Continuous For actions which will be happening at a future certain point. I will be travelling to Paris on Monday. Future Perfect For actions which will have happened by a future certain point. I will have come back by Wednesday. By the end of February, the will have been living together for four years. He went to London last year. In continuous past actions interrupted by the Past Simple. He was driving when the car broke down. She was ironing while he was cooking. Past Perfect To talk about a past action that happened before a Past Simple action.
She had lived in Portugal before she moved to Spain. She had been studying for four hours when you phoned. When the verb is the subject of the sentence. After verbs of liking and disliking love, hate, enjoy. Painting is his favourite leisure activity. He loves playing basketball.
I am so tired of being alone. After ought, have, use and be able. He used to play the piano when he was a child. He went upstairs in order to take his umbrella. It is difficult to speak with you. If they are short of money, they do not eat out. First Conditional Probable situations and its results. If you go ahead with your attitude, you will have a tussle with your boss. Second Conditional Hypothetical but probable situations.
If they were rich, they would buy a big house. Third Conditional Past situations. If you had not been late, you would have understood the lecture. A woman was arrested for the robbery of a bank. The police arrested a woman active. Dependiendo del sentido de la frase deduciremos de cual de los dos se trata.
I am in England: Mary is 20 years old: How old are you?: En este caso se traduce por hacer. It s very cold: We are we re we are not we re not are we? En el Presente, las formas afirmativa y negativa se pueden contraer, mientras que en la forma interrogativa no. Cuando al verbo to be le sigue un infinitivo adquiere una importancia especial: She is to stay here till we return: She is to be married next year: Expresa una forma de futuro.
We are going to the theatre tonight: Vamos al teatro esta noche. I am going to travel to Buenos Aires next Monday: I have a new car: Tengo un coche nuevo. Oberva que la tercera persona singular se forma de manera irregular cambia de have a has. I have to go: I have to read that book: Tengo que leer ese libro. You must stop smoking: The doctor says I have to stop smoking: You mustn t listen to other people s conversations: No debes escuchar las conversaciones de otras personas. You don t have to listen to the speech if you don t want to: No tienes que escuchar el discurso si no quieres.
She has a big house in Ireland: Tiene una gran casa en Irlanda. I have breakfast at seven in the morning: I don t have coffee: We re having a party next Saturday: I usually have a walk on Saturday mornings: Can I have a look at your magazine?: To have a rest: To have a swim: To have a walk: I ve got a new house en lugar de I have a new house: Tengo una nueva casa.
Have you got a cigarette? No, I haven t. No, I haven t: No, no lo tengo. I ve got a new car: He s got a good memory: I ve got to go. I m not happy with the situation, but I ve got to accept it: El verbo TO DO tiene, principalmente, tres usos: Did you post the letters?: Do you like football?: Esto no sabe muy bien.
I do admit that I was wrong: Admito que estaba equivocado. Date cuenta que usamos do para hacer preguntas y negaciones con verbos normales, pero no con otros verbos auxiliares. Do you like dancing? NOT Like you dancing? NOT Do they are sleeping? I will not come NOT I do not will come. Will you help me? NOT Do you will help me? I can t see anything NOT I do not can see anything.
Para hacer frases imperativas: Do puede ser usado con el be para hacer frases imperativas. Don t be silly!: Do be a good child: Como un verbo normal: El verbo do puede referirse a casi cualquier tipo de actividad. What were you doing in the morning?: What did you do then?: Do as I tell you: Antiguo Testamento — Isaac Asimov. Nuevo Testamento — Isaac Asimov.
Diez dialogo — Stephane Hessel. La coleccion completa — J.
Libro IV — Theodor Mommsen. Libro V — Theodor Mommsen. Segunda serie — Carlos Fisas. Un ano en las calles de la mu — David Simon. Lo mejor del terror contempora — Stephen King y Otros. Lo mejor del terror contemporane — William F. El inventor de la eter — Jacq Christian. Ciencias fisicas — Isaac Asimov. Ciencias biologicas — Isaac Asimov. Una guia para — John Gribbin. Norrell — Susanna Clarke.
Un Viaje Arque — Sallie Nichols. Caminos Cruzados — Ally Condie. El pesquero — Takiji Kobayashi. El cine como destruccion — Juan Manuel Dominguez. La puerta del tiempo — Felipe Botaya. Un hostal en los Pirineos — Julia Stagg. La pequena tienda de los pir — Julia Stagg. Quartet 01 La dalia negra — James Ellroy.
Quartet 02 El gran desierto — James Ellroy. Confidential — James Ellroy.
Quartet 04 Jazz blanco — James Ellroy. La delirante Espana — Sandra Mir Mayor. Ley y desorden en la — Bruce Sterling. Guia para entender — Juan Torres Lopez. Todo lo que hay que — Dietrich Schawnitz. Brown — Anne Helene Bubenzer. Historia de un escritorio — Nicole Krauss. Un viaje al corazon marroqui — Adolfo Moreno. Volumen I — Sir Thomas Malory. Fernando Gutierrez — Homero. Requiem — David Lozano Garbala. El alamo y el vie — Juan L. Sus mitos, sus e — Jean Baudrillard.
Articulos — Javier Marias. Stein — Jim Benton. Mi familia — Edward M. Una tragedia en 5 actos — William Shakespeare. El hombre y su gest — Stefan Zweig. Vida y voz de un hombre negro — Varios autores. Manual de instrucciones — Fabio Fusaro. Marple y 13 problemas — Agatha Christie. La derrota de Japon — Max Hastings. La huella del fin del m — Raul Vallarino. El genio al que le robaron — Margaret Cheney.
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