Sun Care Decoded: Answers to Questions You Didnt Know to Ask

15 Sunscreen Questions Answered

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Employers will use open questions to discover real-life scenarios where you can demonstrate you used your competencies to the best effect. In this competency-based interview questions guide, our experts explain what a competency-based interview question is and provide competency questions examples to help you prepare stories in advance.

You can also get advice on how to answer The most common interview questions. Preparing your stories in advance will exercise your mental muscles and increase your chances of clinching that job. How to answer competency-based questions. Competency-based interview answers and tips. Competency-based interview questions examples. Your potential employer hopes to learn more about your background and experience relevant to the competencies being assessed.

There are various different types of competencies you could be asked about, including technical skills, behaviours and knowledge. Competency questions focus on finding specific skills that are important to that job, says Katherine Burik, founder of The Interview Doctor. Sometimes a scenario based interview question may be asked in several parts, for example an interview may ask: They could on to say: Competency questions typically lead you towards describing a situation and task. For example, an employer may start the question by saying:.

Start with the job ad. Read the role description. Look for the keywords that signal the competencies sought by the employer. You may have to decode the jargon, but most bullet points in the ad will equate to a competency. Next, search online for articles that describe the role. These articles typically spell-out the required skills and competencies. If the job ad and job descriptions talk about a mix of skills, knowledge and attitudes — prepare competency-based answers for all three areas, says John Lees, author of Knockout Interview. For each competency you know the employer is looking for, find an example from your work or education history that demonstrates you possess it.

We recommend setting aside a morning, finding a quiet place at home, a cafe or the library and listing your work and education achievements with a pen and paper or on your laptop, tablet or phone. We say morning, because most people are able to think more clearly earlier in the day. If you struggle to think of stories from your past experience, speak with friends and family and ask them when they have seen you behave with that particular skill. This will not only show [the employer] your professional accomplishments, but also give them a good insight into who you are as a person outside the workplace.

Situation, Task, Action, Result. This means setting the scene situation , describing what you wanted to achieve task , communicating what you actually did action , and then talking about the result — how was the situation resolved? Check out the STAR interview technique section for in-depth information. Your story needs to sound natural as you tell it. Nobody in their right mind goes there in the winter. Along with teams from around the world, he is building fleets of underwater drones, called "Argo floats," to do the work.

In the Southern Ocean, Stephen launches one of these underwater floats, and then it's on its own, hopefully, for years to come. The float is launched at the sea surface. It will signal to the satellite that it's okay; it will drop to a depth of 3, feet, drift for 10 days, then drop to 6, feet briefly. And then, as it ascends back to the sea surface, it will collect data all the way up, with all of its sensors on. These sensors take the vital signs of the ocean, including its chemistry and temperature.

Once at the surface, the floats beam that data to a satellite, before diving back down and repeating the cycle. You never know what you are going to get, but every observation is a gem in its own right, because there aren't very many of them yet. We've been blind about the oceans. It's just been a dark room.

And the Argo floats are like flipping on the lights. For the first time, you can actually see what's going on. So far, over 3, floats have been launched, all around the globe. They now pepper our oceans, dutifully collecting data on an unprecedented scale. We suddenly have a three-dimensional measurement of the oceans that is essentially continuous in time over the last 10 years. In one summer, we collected more data than we had in 50 years previously of all of oceanographic measurements. With this information, the Argo floats have transformed our understanding of the ocean. The water in the ocean circulates.

At the surface, it is warmer, but in the deep ocean, the water is very cold and has not been exposed to the atmosphere for hundreds of years. It is in the Southern Ocean that this deep cold water rises to the surface. The Southern Ocean is this gateway between the deep ocean and the atmosphere.

There's not many places in the global ocean where that deep water can contact the atmosphere. Once at the surface, the deep cold water, that scientists call "old water," soaks up heat like a sponge. That older water has not been in contact with the atmosphere for a long time, since before the industrial era, and so this is water that hasn't seen any of the heat that has been accumulating in the climate system. When that water does come up to the surface, it is able to take up the excess heat.

The Argo floats reveal that over the last 30 years, the ocean has heated up by an average of a half-degree Fahrenheit. When the oceans change in temperature by a little bit, that is storing the same amount of heat that the atmosphere would store by changing in temperature by a lot. If we put all of that heat into the lower atmosphere, the atmosphere would heat up by about 20 degrees Fahrenheit, that's how much heat we're talking about here. We have already warmed the atmosphere a degree-and-a-half Fahrenheit. Without the help of the ocean, it could be much hotter.

In all, a staggering 93 percent of the heat that we're putting into our atmosphere is getting soaked up by our oceans.

This comes with consequences. Heating the ocean and adding carbon dioxide are damaging to life in the sea. As you change one component of the climate machine, you affect the others, which can have benefits but can also lead to devastating consequences. And one of the most urgent questions of all is what will happen when the warmer air and ocean come into contact with the polar ice caps?

In a helicopter over Greenland, David Holland, of New York University, wants to find out how warmer temperatures are affecting this actively shrinking glacier. Today's mission is to place motion trackers directly on the ice. We are going to go to three locations on the glacier and see if we can begin to understand how large glaciers disintegrate. Constantly moving, this glacier is filled with crevasses, which makes it extremely dangerous, so David has brought along Brian Rougeux, an experienced mountaineer.

It is dangerous in terms of the helicopter being able to land and dangerous, certainly, in terms of being able to walk around. But the ice here may collapse under the weight of the helicopter. They must do what is known as a "toe-in. A toe-in is where the helicopter will come in and set its skids down on the ice, but not power down. So, the ice doesn't get its full weight, just kind of touches down just enough to give me an opportunity to hop out, get the gear out, and then he's able to take off again. It is difficult to really put into words what it feels like to look around and know that miles of ice are surrounding you.

And then you have in the back of your mind the only way out of there is that helicopter. On the western coast of Greenland, the Jakobshavn glacier is one of the fastest disintegrating glaciers in the world. The glacier meets the sea, here, where icebergs break off, in a process called "calving.

In , an iceberg twice the size of the Empire State Building breaks off and floats out to sea. Speeding up a year of images reveals the glacier advancing as ice flows from inland, but from space, satellites show the glacier is actually retreating. In one decade, it lost 10 miles. The Jakobshavn ice stream is pretty much the fastest glacier in the world, and it drains huge amounts of ice from the Greenland ice sheet.

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It's almost like uncorking a bottle of wine, right? There's all this pressure of ice wanting to flow to the sea, and as you remove that resistance in the front, that ice will accelerate. Back on the glacier, Brian has been working quickly to install instruments that can reveal how the ice is moving behind the calving wall. Brian signals to the helicopter, and they swoop in to pick him up. It's a successful deployment. The data from the motion trackers and other high tech devices, like this radar, are giving Holland new insights into how glaciers disappear.

What he has found is surprising. For glaciers in contact with the ocean, warmer air causes some of the loss of ice, but the real trigger for intense calving is warmer water coming underneath the glacier and destabilizing it. And David says that changing winds and currents are bringing that warmer water up from the Gulf Stream, increasing the loss of ice. People have begun to understand that half the ice loss occurs through calving, through fracturing of ice. This calving is a concern, because ice melts slowly but it fractures in an instant.

The fracture and breakup of the glacier could actually dominate everything. If that is the case, then the retreat of glaciers could be much faster than previously thought. And the reason we care is there is about 23 feet of sea level equivalent locked up in the Greenland ice sheet.

If it were all to disappear, oceans would go up 23 feet. That's not going to happen, well, in the near future. But it is shrinking, it is losing ice to the oceans, and oceans are rising as a result. The same loss of ice is unfolding on the other side of the planet, only on a much bigger scale. Locked up in the Antarctic ice sheet is a total of feet of possible sea level rise. And this vast continent of ice, especially the western part, is breaking up faster than anyone thought possible. There is a huge amount of water locked up in the Antarctic.

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The only question under warming is how rapidly that ice could melt or slide into the ocean. The melting or break up of all that ice would devastate much of civilization as we know it, as sea levels rise and flood cities and coasts. The answer lies half a world away in a remote corner of the western Australian outback. Andrea Dutton of the University of Florida has travelled here to work out how high sea levels could rise in the future, by looking into the past. Earth has done experiments for us in the past. It hasn't warmed up perhaps as quickly as we've seen over the last century, but it has been this warm before.

By drilling deep into this rock, Andrea can travel back to that time when Earth was as warm as today. Every time someone takes the drill for the first time, they look at me, and they say, "That was really hard. So, it takes a long time to collect a little bit of core, but it's worth it because it gives us a really important window into the past. Inside the cores, she finds fossils of ancient coral. There is only one way to explain what that coral is doing here: An ancient coral reef extends more than a mile in from today's coastline. At one location, Andrea finds some of these ancient fossils exposed and rising above today's waterline.

Corals only grow in the ocean. So, wherever there are fossilized corals, there must have been seawater. The corals that we are looking at need sunlight to survive, so they live very close to the sea surface. So, we use that to our advantage to understand where that sea surface was in the past, by looking at how high the coral is.

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By mapping this ancient Australian reef, Andrea is able to tell how high sea levels were the last time Earth was as warm as today. You can see the waves breaking on the shoreline below me. Where I'm standing, I'm already more than nine feet higher than that. We know the seas must have risen at least to that level to keep these corals alive. Andrea has found similar coral formations around the world, from this time period, that point to even greater sea level rise. Our research shows that with just the amount of warming we've seen today, the seas could rise much higher, up to 20 to 30 feet higher than today.

This enormous increase is due, in part, because warmer water has a greater volume, but it also means that, at that time, some of the world's great ice sheets must have collapsed. The big question is how fast? Does it take us years to get there? Well that's one thing. Or does it take us years to get there. That's three feet in a decade. In Antarctica, we see massive glaciers breaking off, adding to the amount that sea level is rising. Two thirds of the world's biggest cities are within just a few feet of sea level.

And you can't pick up a city and move it. So, when will we start to feel the impact of sea level rise? Some people already are. The Marshall Islands are a nation of low-lying islands in the Pacific. They are home to 50, people and a vibrant culture. Today, they face becoming a new kind of refugee: We are only, like, two meters above sea level, so every time that there is a high tide, all this water gushes over and crashes into our homes and washes away graves. You feel really small. These floodings are going to continue to the point where we can't live there anymore.

Kathy Jetnil-Kijiner is a poet from the Marshall Islands. For her family, it is their homes and their very way of life that is at stake. What's going to happen to our culture, our traditions? We're hoping to not become nomads. We're hoping to not become lost, There are songs and chants that you can't hear anywhere else.

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What will happen to those stories that have survived for thousands of years? There's just things that you can't find anywhere else on Earth that you can only find in the Marshalls. Kathy has become the voice of the Marshalls, addressing the United Nations with a poem to her daughter about the world she will face. Her words are an attempt to bring the realities of climate change to people who believe it will not affect them. It's kind of hard to connect to an issue that you don't see outside of your own front door, you know?

It doesn't stop it from being a reality though. If our island goes down, who do you think will be next? It's going to be the rest of the world, it's just going to start with us. The results of climate change are, in fact, already striking the rest of the world, and much closer to home. For those people who don't believe that sea level rise is happening, all you've got to do is come to Norfolk, or Charleston, or Miami, or New Orleans or San Diego, because you could see evidence of this in every one of those cities. This walkway, that was once supposed to allow people to walk and enjoy the water, is now under water.

Sea level rise is now a reality even in the United States. And low-lying cities, like Norfolk, Virginia, are on the front line. This floods all the time. So, like, when that happens, we'll take our furniture and stack it up. It's been much higher than this before. It's sort of annoying to have all this flooding all the time. The flooding may be annoying today, but it will become a tragedy if it continues. Norfolk is an important commercial port and home to America's largest naval base.

You have Naval Station Norfolk, the largest naval station in the world. Our national defense is certainly impacted by what's happening in the community outside. Sea levels here have risen about 18 inches since World War I, about half of that related to climate change. For this strategically important port, the rising water is literally getting in the way. Folks live and reside in the communities right outside of the base. And on a daily basis they must get to the base to perform the duties that are vital to our national security.

Sea level rise means there is just that much more flooding and that means that there's just that much more impact to roads, logistics infrastructure, moving cargo back and forth. And so that just makes it that much harder for you to prepare that ship to go and for the crew to prepare themselves to go. According to retired admiral Ann Phillips, climate change is a national security issue. The Navy does see climate as an impact to its readiness and its ability to be resilient.

From a national security perspective, sea level rise is a threat multiplier or a threat magnifier.

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But to the people who live here, coastal flooding has an enormous personal cost. This house has flooded three times. I just don't know. I don't know how we'd be able to sell the house. Honestly, I really don't. Donna Woodward and Jim Schultz doubted they could sell their house and so decided to raise it up.

It came down to deciding whether we wanted to go ahead and move out of the area or put all the money into elevating the house and staying. It's happening now, not in the future, today. It's happening as we stand here. So, anyone who doubts it, we invite them to buy all of this property here and to come live and see for themselves. Sea level rise affects me in ways I had not thought of, you know?

I need to be able to get to work. I bought a truck that has a snorkel. Sea level rise affects everyone here personally, and that is going to continue to accelerate. We have no time to waste, the situation is urgent. For the people of Norfolk, climate change is already affecting their lives. And across all of America, the costs are mounting. On a single day in , a satellite recorded three megastorms bearing down on the Americas. Meteorologist Paul Douglas' weather team has never seen anything like it. This is easily going to be a three-hundred-billion-dollar year for hurricanes.

Two-thousand-seventeen was the costliest hurricane season on record. Harvey alone caused catastrophic flooding in southeastern Texas, with financial damages that rival Katrina, and Puerto Rico was devastated by Hurricane Maria.

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Warmer oceans don't trigger hurricanes, but the hurricanes that do spin up naturally have a greater potential to become extreme. You can think of warm ocean water as the fuel supply for these big heat engines in these hurricanes. In a warmer climate, system hurricanes will have more octane gasoline to draw from in the ocean, and that drives these large powerful storms. Wildfires in the western United States have quadrupled since the s, exacerbated by drought. We're seeing wildfires burning greater and greater areas, the hotter and drier it gets.

Effects like these are being felt across the planet, and some are even accelerating the warming itself. When trees that have been helping by pulling carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere burn down, much of that carbon is pumped back into the air. Big climate events have had massive implications for how much carbon is not just stored, but released back to the atmosphere. And in the Arctic, ice that has been cooling the planet by reflecting away some of the sun's heat is melting. The loss of ice means more warming.

It's a self-compounding effect. As temperatures warm and ice starts to melt, the ice and the ocean system absorb more energy, which causes the temperatures to warm more, which causes more ice to melt and so on. Once it begins, it wants to run away in big ways that will further accelerate climate change. We're so completely vulnerable to our climate.

We're just incredibly vulnerable to changes in our climate, especially rapid changes. As virtually all peer-reviewed scientific research confirms, the case for climate change caused by human activity is overwhelmingly clear. It's real, it's us, the risks are serious, and the window of time to prevent widespread dangerous impacts is closing fast. A lot of times people ask me "Doesn't your work terrify you? It keeps me awake at night sometimes, thinking about my children or what will become of my state or my country, or my relatives, in the future.

It is a scary thought. But what gives me hope is that we understand this, and we have an incredibly good idea of what is about to happen, so, we actually can do something about it. It's kind of as if you are driving down one of our dead straight roads, here in Texas. You can be driving down the road, even staying in your own lane, if you are driving along looking in the rearview mirror, because the road is completely straight, so where you were in the past is a perfect prediction of where you are going to be in the future.

But what if you are driving down this road, looking in your rearview mirror and a giant curve comes up? You're going to run off the road, because the past is not a perfect predictor of the future if the road is changing. To see the road ahead, scientists at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, in Princeton, New Jersey, are working to turn our understanding of how the land, sea, ice and air interact into a powerful simulation called a "climate model. Using nothing but basic physics, we can actually produce, in our computers, a virtual Earth.

With this virtual Earth, scientists like Kirsten Findell work to predict where our climate is going, before it's too late to change course. Every climate model has four major physical components represented. We represent the ocean, we represent the land, the sea ice and the atmosphere all around the earth. Within those four components, we also then break up the earth into little grid boxes. And then we can slice up the atmosphere into thin layers and slice down into the ocean and down into the soil. Once they have divided the system into manageable parts, they use well-established mathematical equations, grid box by grid box, to run the model forward in time.

These models are amazing. They can produce weather systems, even hurricanes; they can produce droughts and floods. Worldwide, there are dozens of models. They predict how each part of the climate machine will change, like sea surface temperature, storm intensity or the extent of the ice caps. Every detail is included. But the path to perfect models is still a work in progress, because Earth's climate machine is such a complicated one. The role that clouds play, for instance, is important, but poorly understood.

And the speed at which ice sheets will break apart is another big unknown. We're definitely making progress on making better predictions, but there is still an enormous amount about the climate system that we don't fully understand. But the models can be checked against things we know, like air temperature over the past hundred years. The models can be started in the past and run forward. The blue line shows the average of those predictions. Computer models don't exist in isolation. We calibrate them against what we've observed. We test them against the history of climate change.

And we now know they're pretty good. The models can be used to run a virtual experiment: This map shows how temperatures could change. The models predict the average temperature could be 5 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit hotter. That means in New York City, days with temperatures over 90 degrees would more than triple. And in the Arctic, which will heat up even faster, it could rise, on average, more than 15 degrees. One of the things we understand really well about our climate system is that if you crank up the average temperature of the planet, it is going to fundamentally change your weather.

Their results suggest we will see more Category 4 and 5 hurricanes, and the prevalence of devastating heatwaves will be much more extreme. The models also show that by the end of the century, it is likely the ocean will rise one-and-a-half to four feet. Without major changes, this would put parts of cities like Miami under water. And new insights are coming in all the time.

The work of David Holland and other scientists suggests that if large parts of western Antarctica break off, eight feet or more of sea level rise by is not out of the question. All bets are off for Antarctica. That is a place where very large sea level rise, on the scale of years, is quite possible.

That doesn't mean it will happen; but it actually could physically happen. The road ahead is a world that could be increasingly hard to live in. The question now is what can we do about it to reduce the possible damage? We're going to figure this out, because, in the end, we are not going to have a choice; we're going to have to figure this out. The path ahead comes down to three basic options. We can do nothing and suffer the consequences;…. The options are connected. The more we mitigate, the less we would need to adapt. The more we adapt and mitigate, the less we would suffer.

Society has only three options; and if we want to minimize suffering, as should be our goal, we need to maximize both mitigation and adaptation. Adaptation is perhaps most urgent in the ocean, which, right now, is bearing the brunt of climate change by absorbing most of the heat. Billions of people depend on the sea for food or their livelihood. As temperatures rise, many species of marine life are moving to cooler waters, threatening local fisheries. And warmer water is killing off coral reefs, which support about 25 percent of all life in the sea.

We've lost 50 percent of the world's reefs in the last 30 to 40 years. That's…I mean, even when I say it, I have to be honest, I still find it shocking, and I want to find a reason for that figure to be wrong. But it is not wrong. The majority of the world's reefs will be dead by Coral reefs may be a case study in the devastating effects of climate change, but they also offer a lesson in survival. If 50 percent of the reef has died, let's just turn that around and talk about the fact that actually 50 percent of the reef has survived. Our question is why? To help answer that question, the team prepares a sample of coral, puts it in water and places it in a cutting-edge microscope that can view living coral in real time.

Under ultraviolet light, we can see the coral filled with algae, or tiny plant cells, that give it a red color. They are essential for the coral's survival, because they provide nutrients the coral needs. Where you see the bright red, that bright red is the pigment, deep inside of the tiny plant cells. They power the system. Do you have a favorite natural sunscreen? Let me know in the comments below! Try these natural, wild-crafted products that will really get your skin glowing again! Get your sample kit here. Notify me of followup comments via e-mail: You will get the full facts in my e-book.

Here are some cites from the book: I am so grateful for this article! I was recently diagnosed with Rosacea and am planning a big trip to Mexico this summer and am on the hunt for new sunscreen that will not worsen my condition and protect me from potential flare ups. Thanks for sharing this wonderful information… I have recently bought Dermaxsol sunscreen from Solvaderm brand..

It has SPF and it does not contain drying alcohol…. Do you know anything about this? I am all for a natural way of doing things and I would love to know if there are any homemade recipes for sun protection. Most of the oils like coconut oil have SPF around 8.

I have accurate list and reference to the scientific papers and test results. The no mess application allows for a clean and convenient way to apply sunscreen throughout ones day. Thank you for the article. I have to say that even there are some information correct you miss many very relevant issues and some are really important for the health. I can say that hardly any really knows how sun is supporting vitality and better health. In fact, most are doing just opposite and that is the reason why so many people are suffering diseases and premature death.

For example, we took the kids to the pool last weekend and tried out a new sunscreen from Community Natural Foods. Do you think Zinc is the best ingredient?

Have you ever heard of seriously fab Zinc It Over? Wondering if it would really be sheer. Okay thanks, have a great day! I love the Ringana brand. Check out their website https: I agree with Ginger, who has been diagnosed with melanoma. I had a melanoma removed from my backside — never been in the sun! I will also try Heliocare capsules, which I think can provide added protection.

Thank you for this article! I recently found a sunscreen without oxybenzone or octinoxate.

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