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At this time, some exploited the tradition, making a "business of superstitions" and selling fake potions, powders, and gris-gris. In the early 21st century, Voodoo has become part of the tourist attractions in New Orleans ; commercial interests have sought to capitalize on popular interest in the religion. Shops selling charms, gris-gris, candles, and powders cater to both tourists and practitioners.
The film's villain, Dr.
Facilier voiced by Keith David plays a bokor , a witch doctor. This is exemplified through his costume, his ominous presence and the talisman he carries around. Conversely, the film's fairy godmother figure Mama Odie voiced by Jenifer Lewis is a Voodoo queen who only dresses in white. She has a familiar named Juju, a snake that serves as everything from a walking stick to a bridge, and lives in an abandoned ship in the Bayou.
The museum also provides spiritual services, including matrimony blessings, marriage ceremonies, consultations, and other rituals. In August , voodoo practitioners held a ritual in Bywater to try to drive away crack cocaine abuse, burglaries, prostitution, and assaults. As a result of the fusion of Francophone culture and Voodoo in Louisiana, Creole African Americans associated many Voodoo spirits with the Christian saints known to preside over the same domain.
Although some doctrinaire leaders of each tradition believe Voodoo and Catholic practices are in conflict, in popular culture both saints and spirits are believed to act as mediators, with the Catholic priest or voodoo Legba presiding over specific respective activities. Early followers of Voodoo in the United States adopted the image of the Catholic saints to represent their spirits. While Voodoo is present among Catholic population, southern Protestants are more likely to practice hoodoo. Many superstitions also related to the practice of Hoodoo , developed within the Voodoo tradition in Louisiana.
While these superstitions are not central to the Voodoo faith, their emergence has been partly a result of Voodoo tradition in New Orleans and have since influenced it significantly. In Hoodoo herbalism, the " cure-all " was very popular among followers.
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The cure-all was a Hoodoo mixture that could solve all problems. Hoodoo's herbal healing system included a variety of ingredients for cure-alls; one recipe was to mix jimson weed with sulfur and honey. The mixture was placed in a glass, which was rubbed against a black cat, and then the mixture was slowly sipped. The Hoodoo doll is a form of gris-gris and an example of sympathetic magic.
Contrary to popular belief, Hoodoo dolls are usually used to bless and have no power to curse. According to Jerry Gandolfo, the purpose of sticking pins in the doll is not to cause pain in the associated person, but rather to pin a picture of a person or a name to the doll, which traditionally represents a spirit.
The gris-gris is performed from one of four categories: Hoodoo practitioners have used different tools throughout the history of the practice to solve their customer's ailments. The specific name for the items is gris-gris. Explanations in a book said that Five Finger Grass was a leaf split into five sections. The belief was that if hung in one's house, it would ward off any evil. Dragon Blood Sticks were said to bring good luck in money, business, and love.
Keeping a stick close on a person was said to bring luck. Dixie Love Perfume was noted for a fragrance to encourage romance. Brimstone is used to keep away evil spirits and counteract spells cast on households, and was burned in rooms needing to be deodorized. These were traditionally available in local shops. The user often had to take additional steps in a process before using such items, such as washing their hands in "Two Jacks Extract.
Many voodoo practitioners were believed to be afraid of these hoodoo items. In American South, hoodoo is mainly practiced by Protestant Christians.
Unlike their Haitian counterparts, the Louisianian slaves did not fight back against their slavers. According to a census of , the ratio of enslaved Africans to European settlers was more than two to one. While it is difficult to determine the histories of the two Maries in tradition, it is believed that the elder Marie was a dedicated practitioner of Voodoo. Her customers also came to her to buy voodoo dolls, potions, gris-gris bags, and the like. The ground-up root was combined with other elements, such as bones, nails, roots, holy water, holy candles, holy incense, holy bread, or crucifixes.
New Orleans Spiritualist churches honor the spirit of Black Hawk , a Sauk war chief who was influential in early 19th-century Illinois and Wisconsin. The Voodoo-influenced Spiritualist churches that survive in New Orleans are the result of syncretism of these and other spiritual practices.
Singing is among important rituals as part of voodoo worship. Songs have been passed down orally for hundreds of years. Songs would be accompanied by patting, clapping and foot stomping, but not drum playing, unless it was part of the weekly public ceremony in Congo Square in New Orleans during slavery times. Songs are sung to give descriptions of personalities for the deities, such as their names, likes and dislikes, origin, responsibilities, strengths, and weaknesses.
Sometimes the songs are sung in address to the deities, and sometimes as if the deities themselves were speaking or singing. Many songs mirror tunes of the Catholic Church, as well as associate the Catholic saints with African deities. There are only two ways a new song would be added to the voodoo repertoire. The first is if someone has heard the song in a dream, as this is believed to be the spirit's revelation.
A second instance is if a person is in a possessed trance and asks the people around them to sing it and memorize it, when it is considered to come straight from a spirit. There are four phases to a voodoo ritual, all identifiable by the song being sung; preparation, invocation, possession and farewell. The songs are used to open the gate between the deities and the human world and invite the spirits to possess someone. In the s Louisiana newspapers typically portrayed Voodoo practices in a negative way compared to Christian practices.
They described rumors of animal sacrifices, zombies, and spirits, sensationalizing stories of depraved acts Voodoo had driven black people to commit. This portrayal of Voodoo contributed to the concept of black people as superstitious primitives. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. This article is about the Afro-American religion practiced in Louisiana.
For the variant practiced in Haiti, see Haitian Vodou. For other uses, see Voodoo. Not to be confused with Hoodoo folk magic. This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations.
Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. January Learn how and when to remove this template message. Creators Mawu Nana Buluku. Baron Kriminel Baron Samedi. Belie Belcan Boli Shah. Bossou Ashadeh Boum'ba Maza. Bugid Y Aiba Captain Debas. Ghede Linto Ghede Loraj. Mait' Carrefour Maman Brigitte.
Africans in Colonial Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. The Salt Lake Tribune. Africans in Colonial Louisiana. Association of Schools of Public Health. A Long-Held Mystery Resolved. The New York Times. The Spiritual Churches of New Orleans: University of Tennessee Press.
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