Maria ist neu in der Stadt (Teil 4) (German Edition)

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The unique title of Federal City German: Bundesstadt reflects its important political status within Germany. From to , Bonn was the capital of the Electorate of Cologne , and residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne.

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Composer Ludwig van Beethoven was born in Bonn in From to , Bonn was the provisional capital of West Germany , and Germany's present constitution, the Basic Law , was declared in the city in Berlin was re-affirmed by the Bundestag in Bonn as the capital of Germany, though due to the country's division a seat of government was maintained there - only in the eastern half - solely by the German Democratic Republic. From to , Bonn served as the seat of government — but no longer capital — of reunited Germany. Situated in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany's largest metropolitan area with over 11 million inhabitants, Bonn lies within the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia , close to the border with Rhineland-Palatinate.

Spanning an area of more To the south and to the west, Bonn is bordering the Eifel region which encompasses the Rhineland Nature Park. To the north, Bonn borders the Cologne Lowland. Natural borders are constituted by the river Sieg to the north-east and by the Siebengebirge also known as the Seven Hills to the east. Regierungsbezirk , and Bonn is part of the governmental district of Cologne German: Within this governmental district, the city of Bonn is an urban district in its own right.

The urban district of Bonn is then again divided into four administrative municipal districts German: In , the independent towns of Bad Godesberg and Beuel as well as several villages were incorporated into Bonn, resulting in a city more than twice as large as before. Bonn has an oceanic climate Cfb. In the south of the Cologne lowland in the Rhine valley, Bonn is in one of Germany's warmest regions.

The history of the city dates back to Roman times.

In about 12 BC, the Roman army appears to have stationed a small unit in what is presently the historical centre of the city. Even earlier, the army had resettled members of a Germanic tribal group allied with Rome, the Ubii , in Bonn. The Latin name for that settlement, "Bonna", may stem from the original population of this and many other settlements in the area, the Eburoni. The Eburoni were members of a large tribal coalition effectively wiped out during the final phase of Caesar 's War in Gaul.

After several decades, the army gave up the small camp linked to the Ubii-settlement. During the 1st century AD , the army then chose a site to the north of the emerging town in what is now the section of Bonn-Castell to build a large military installation dubbed Castra Bonnensis, i. Initially built from wood, the fort was eventually rebuilt in stone.

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With additions, changes and new construction, the fort remained in use by the army into the waning days of the Western Roman Empire , possibly the mid- 5th century. The structures themselves remained standing well into the Middle Ages , when they were called the Bonnburg. They were used by Frankish kings until they fell into disuse. Eventually, much of the building materials seem to have been re-used in the construction of Bonn's 13th-century city wall.

The Sterntor star gate in the city center is a reconstruction using the last remnants of the medieval city wall. To date, Bonn's Roman fort remains the largest fort of its type known from the ancient world , i. The fort covered an area of approximately , square metres 62 acres.

Between its walls it contained a dense grid of streets and a multitude of buildings, ranging from spacious headquarters and large officers' quarters to barracks , stables and a military jail. Among the legions stationed in Bonn, the "1st", i. Units of the Bonn legion were deployed to theatres of war ranging from modern-day Algeria to what is now the Russian republic of Chechnya. Once past the South Gate, the Cologne—Mainz road continued along what are now streets named Belderberg, Adenauerallee et al. On both sides of the road, the local settlement, Bonna , grew into a sizeable Roman town.

Bonn is shown on the 4th century Peutinger Map. In late antiquity , much of the town seems to have been destroyed by marauding invaders. The remaining civilian population then took refuge inside the fort along with the remnants of the troops stationed here.

During the final decades of Imperial rule, the troops were supplied by Franci chieftains employed by the Roman administration. When the end came, these troops simply shifted their allegiances to the new barbarian rulers, the Kingdom of the Franks. From the fort, the Bonnburg, as well as from a new medieval settlement to the South centered around what later became the minster , grew the medieval city of Bonn.

Between the 11th and 13th centuries, the Romanesque style Bonn Minster was built, and in Bonn became the seat of the Archdiocese of Cologne. The city gained more influence and grew considerably. The city was subject to a major bombardment during the Siege of Bonn in The elector Clemens August ruled — ordered the construction of a series of Baroque buildings which still give the city its character. Another memorable ruler was Max Franz ruled — , who founded the university and the spa quarter of Bad Godesberg. In addition he was a patron of the young Ludwig van Beethoven , who was born in Bonn in ; the elector financed the composer's first journey to Vienna.

In , the city was seized by French troops, becoming a part of the First French Empire.

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Administered within the Prussian Rhine Province , the city became part of the German Empire in during the Prussian-led unification of Germany. Bonn was of little relevance in these years. During the Second World War , Bonn acquired military significance because of its strategic location on the Rhine, which formed a natural barrier to easy penetration into the German heartland from the west. Following the advocacy of West Germany's first chancellor, Konrad Adenauer , a former Cologne Mayor and a native of that area, Bonn became the de facto capital, officially designated the "temporary seat of the Federal institutions," of the newly formed Federal Republic of Germany in Revision einer Sammlung war vom Ausgemusterte und in ihre Einzelteile zerlegte Flugzeuge dienen, neu zusammengesezt, als Festivalzentrum der Ruhrtriennale Die Jahrhunderthalle in Bochum.

Die Industrie ist weg, es bleibt die Kultur. Over the course of ten days in Bruges, Belgium, with a group of students and local youth, we explored the theme of Mobile Units for Immaterial Values. These small, self-contained objects are places for the ongoing construction of the self and the community.

They are places for exchanging, debating, finding, and losing; places full of errors and mistakes: Situated in an unlikely pocket along a canal in Bruges—one of the few remaining industrial sites in the historical port city—the project reprograms and reactivates this factory area into a sphere of collective imagination, action, and transformation. The project evolves slowly over time: The project is part of the Bruges Triennial Liquid City, for the duration of which the place is open to all.

Das Thema nutzergetragene Stadtentwicklung wird am Haus der Statistik diskutiert. Mit Andrea Hofmann und Frauke Gerstenberg. He was unable to return to Paris, where his property was confiscated and auctioned. He spent the greater part of the war in Munich. From to he had a turbulent affair with the painter Lou Albert-Lasard. Rilke was called up at the beginning of and had to undertake basic training in Vienna.

Influential friends interceded on his behalf—he was transferred to the War Records Office and discharged from the military on 9 June The traumatic experience of military service, a reminder of the horrors of the military academy, almost completely silenced him as a poet. On 11 June , Rilke travelled from Munich to Switzerland. The outward motive was an invitation to lecture in Zurich, but the real reason was the wish to escape the post-war chaos and take up his work on the Duino Elegies once again. The search for a suitable and affordable place to live proved to be very difficult.

In an intense creative period, Rilke completed the Duino Elegies in several weeks in February Before and after, Rilke rapidly wrote both parts of the poem cycle Sonnets to Orpheus containing 55 entire sonnets. Together, these two have often been taken as constituting the high points of Rilke's work. That and the Sonnets to Orpheus , those were two strings of the same voice. And she plays mostly Bach!

Muzot has received its musical christening From on, Rilke increasingly had to struggle with health problems that necessitated many long stays at a sanatorium in Territet , near Montreux , on Lake Geneva. His long stay in Paris between January and August was an attempt to escape his illness through a change in location and living conditions.

Despite this, numerous important individual poems appeared in the years — including Gong and Mausoleum , as well as the abundant lyrical work in French. In , Erika Mitterer began writing poems to Rilke, who wrote back with approximately fifty poems of his own and called her verse a Herzlandschaft landscape of the heart. Shortly before his death, Rilke's illness was diagnosed as leukemia. He suffered ulcerous sores in his mouth, pain troubled his stomach and intestines, and he struggled with increasingly low spirits.

He was buried on January 2, , in the Raron cemetery to the west of Visp.

Rainer Maria Rilke - Wikipedia

A myth developed surrounding his death and roses. While doing so, he pricked his hand on a thorn. This small wound failed to heal, grew rapidly worse, soon his entire arm was swollen, and his other arm became affected as well", and so he died. These poems explore the Christian search for God and the nature of Prayer, using symbolism from Saint Francis and Rilke's observation of Orthodox Christianity during his travels in Russia in the early years of the twentieth century.

This semi-autobiographical novel adopts the style and technique that became associated with Expressionism , which entered European fiction and art in the early 20th century. Rilke addresses existential themes, profoundly probing the quest for individuality, the significance of death, and reflection on the experience of time as death approaches. He combines these techniques and motifs to conjure images of mankind's anxiety and alienation in the face of an increasingly scientific, industrial, reified world.

During this ten-year period, the elegies languished incomplete for long stretches of time as Rilke suffered frequently from severe depression —some of which was caused by the events of World War I and his conscripted military service. Aside from brief episodes of writing in and , Rilke did not return to the work until a few years after the war ended.

After their publication and his death shortly thereafter, the Duino Elegies were quickly recognized by critics and scholars as Rilke's most important work.

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The Duino Elegies are intensely religious, mystical poems that weigh beauty and existential suffering. Rilke begins the first elegy in an invocation of philosophical despair, asking: With news of the death of his daughter's friend, Wera Knoop — , Rilke was inspired to create and set to work on Sonnets to Orpheus. For the next few days, he focused on the Duino Elegies , completing them on the evening of February Immediately after, he returned to work on the Sonnets and completed the following section of 29 sonnets in less than two weeks.

Throughout the Sonnets , Wera is frequently referenced, both directly by name and indirectly in allusions to a "dancer" and the mythical Eurydice. He insisted, however, that "Wera's own figure [ The sonnets' contents are, as is typical of Rilke, highly metaphorical. The character of Orpheus whom Rilke refers to as the "god with the lyre" [44] appears several times in the cycle, as do other mythical characters such as Daphne.

There are also biblical allusions, including a reference to Esau. Other themes involve animals, peoples of different cultures, and time and death. In , a minor writer, Franz Xaver Kappus — , published a collection of ten letters that Rilke had written to him when he was a year-old officer cadet studying at the Theresian Military Academy in Wiener Neustadt. The young Kappus wrote to Rilke, who had also attended the academy, between and when he was uncertain about his future career as a military officer or as a poet.

Initially, he sought Rilke's advice as to the quality of his poetry, and whether he ought to pursue writing as a career. While he declined to comment on Kappus's writings, Rilke advised Kappus on how a poet should feel, love, and seek truth in trying to understand and experience the world around him and engage the world of art. These letters offer insight into the ideas and themes that appear in Rilke's poetry and his working process. Further, these letters were written during a key period of Rilke's early artistic development after his reputation as a poet began to be established with the publication of parts of Das Stunden-Buch The Book of Hours and Das Buch der Bilder The Book of Images.

Figures from Greek mythology such as Apollo , Hermes and Orpheus recur as motifs in his poems and are depicted in original interpretations e. Hermes , Rilke's Eurydice , numbed and dazed by death, does not recognize her lover Orpheus, who descended to hell to recover her. Other recurring figures in Rilke's poems are angels , roses and a character of a poet and his creative work.

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