Contents:
Na me"sa ha uma esponja, tres canetas e quatro lapis. Os meus cadernos estao tambem na msa. Tenho [um] avo e [uma] avo. Onde esta o cao do ingles? Esta ali no chao. I have two hands. Each hand has five fingers. We have also two feet, and each foot has also five toes. These are my copy-books and my pens. Is this your lead-pencil? No, it is not 1 ; it is the pencil of my father. These girls and those boys are pupils of my master. Have you any brothers? Yes, I have three brothers; they are in the garden. The princes are the sons of the king and the queen. Those men are aged. They are German captains.
The English, the Portuguese, and the Germans are Christians. There are four dogs in the street. Have we a map in the school-room? Yes r there is a map on the wall. Tern o menino uma lousa? Quantos alumnos ha aqui? Quantos ha em cada banco? Onde esta o menino Carlos Charles? Onde fica a porta? Ha tint a no tinteiro? Que tens tu ahi? Sim, tenho uma lousa e dois cadernos. Nao ha esponja nesta aula. Ha cinco alumnos e tr6s alumnas. Ha um em cada banco. A porta fica acola. Ha 2 , sim, senhor. Eu tenho alguns meloes. Have you had good luck? Tenho Yes, I have. Isto e" uma m6sa.
Isto 6 urn banco. Isso 6" o caderno do menino. Aquillo e a cathedra do professor. A cadeira tern quatro pes 7. Ha cinco rapazes na classe. Cada rapaz tern dois lapis. Isto e o meu caderno, a minha penna; isso e o seu livro; aquillo e o lapis do menino Carlos, etc. Onde esta o banco? Onde fica a porta r a janella? Que tern o menino? The same exercise to be continued for all objects and forms already mentioned.
The Yerb ter to have. The English address "you" is given in Portuguese by different expressions: Have you no place? Can you tell me. A senhora quer sentar-se? Will you sit down? Qual e a opinido do senhor Doutor? Doctor, what is your opinion? Conde count deseja passar? Do you wish to pass, sir? What do you say, father mother? Que manda o senhor patrao principal? What do you command? Neighbour my boy , are you well? A prima quando vae? When shall you go, my cousin?
Charles, did you already go there? Mary, didn't you say? It is to be considered, that with gentlemen the family name sometimes also the Christian name is employed directly after senhor, while with ladies only the Christian name is used, but preceded by senMra Dona D a. Antonio Correa d'OUveira escreveu um novo poema? Have you written a new poem, Mr. Tern uma creada a sr a D a Maria? Have you a maid-servant, Mrs. Upon country people or person of low condition, the title Dona is not bestowed. This form may be abbreviated toVossencia [vo'sesw]. In Brazil these forms d are not usual; they are substituted by: Your grace, a title given in Portugal to lower people, maid- servants, etc.
This form may be abbreviated to: With all these addresses above mentioned the verb is to be employed in the third person e. If on the one hand it would not be polite to dispense with it, a too frequent em- ployment would be heavy. The pronoun M is used only in familiar treatment and may be altogether avoided by foreigners. The pronoun ws, if not taken in the plural and even here it is better to substitute it by the third person , is antiquated and only tfsed in pathos, at prayers, and in solemn allocution, for instance, to the king.
The verb ter to have. Past participle participio passado tido: See 2 nd Lesson. Imperfect Tense Preterito imperfeito. Eu tiriha ['tiyiv] I had nds tinhamos ['tinvmuf] we tu tirihas you had thou hadst had die, ella tinha he, she, it, had vos tinheis ['tinvtf] you had elles tinham ['tiyivu] they had. Perfect Tense Preterito perfeito. Present Perfect Preterito composto.
Eu tenho tido I have had tu tens tido you have had, etc. Eu tiriha tido I had had tu tinhas tido you had had, etc. Eu terei fa'rvi] I shall have nds teremos we shall have. Yet the student is not supposed to learn at once all the verbal forms, so as to master them, as, indeed, these verbs with their resemblances and differences constitute one of the greatest diffi- culties of the Portuguese language for the foreigner.
But he is ear- nestly requested not to put these lessons aside before having at- tained an absolute understanding of the meaning and employment of the auxiliary verbs. Eu terei tido I shall have had. Eu teria [td 'riv] I should elle, ella teria he, she, it would have have. Eu teria tido I should have had. Eu tenha I have nos tenhdmos we have tu tenhas you have vos tenhais you have elle tenha he have elles tenham they have. Se eu tivesse [ti'vesd] if Se nostivessemosfti'vesdmuf] I had if we had Se tu tivesses if you had Se vds tivesseis if you had elle tivesse if he had elles tivessem if they had.
Infinit iv o pessoal. Para eu ter that 1 may have, to have I tu teres you you elle ter he he nos termos we etc. Ter que or ter de indicates necessity: Tenho de Id ir I must go there. The nouns of material, taken in a partitive and indefinite sense, are, as in English, used without the article or a preposition: Tenlio pao I have some bread. Tenho urn pouco de pao I have a little bread. Tenho uma canSta, Nao tern tambem um lapis? Nao tinha meu Amigo um jardim com algumas flores?
Tinha, sim, senhor, e ainda tenho. Se tivesse arvores fructiferas, tambem teria fructa. Tern a menina andado a escola nestes dias? Nao tenho ido, tenho andado or estado doente. Quando tiver saiide, terei muito gosto em voltar a aula. Tenho tido noticias d'ella from her em cada m6s. Temos tido muito trabalho, para termos uma creada. Temos, mas nao a her teremos por muito tempo. Nao tendo ordem para la ires, teras de to ficar em casa. Exercise, Have you some fruit, my friend? She has the sugar. They have the milk. We had the cheese.
You had the butter. I shall have eggs. He will have tea. We shall have a pudding. You will have a pie. They had no potatoes. He has had pepper and salt. Had you some wine? Will you have butter and cheese? I shall have bread and meat. The boy has -soup and meat. I shall have no poultry, but I shall have game. Your horse will have bread and brandy. Shall you have a duck? My daughter would have a glass of milk. If you had money, you would have chocolate. Whenever we are to have money, we shall have everything we want fludo quanta precisarmos.
Que temos nos nesta msa? Terao os rapazes pao e leite? Nao teve V- queijo esta manha? Nao terei eu carne de boi e vinho para o meu jantar? Onde tern a sua penna e a caneta? Nao teve ainda caldo com arroz? Temos uma penna, tinta e papel. Nao, elles terao pao e agua. Nao, eu tive manteiga. Nao, tu teras um pastel e cerveja. Tenho-as them na minha gave"ta. Ainda nao not yet , mas eu tive um copo de leite. Teria o meu amigo escripto Teria, sim, senhor. Mas ha uma carta, se tivesse tido muito que nao tenho tido tempo? Oral exercises to be done on the subject, as indicated in the preceding lessons.
The Auxiliary Verb ser and the Adjective. The verb ser to be. Eu sou [sou] I am nos somos f'somuf] we are tu es [sf] thou art vos sois ['sotf] you are elle, ella e he, I you are elles, ellas sao [svu] they she, it is j you are. Eu era ['srv] I was nos eramos we were tu eras thou wast elle, ella era he she, was vos ereis you were you were elles, ellas eram they you were.
Eu fui 1 f'fui] I was or have nds fomos ['fomufj 'if] tu foste ['foftd] elles, ellas for am f'forvu]. Eu tenho sido ['sidu] I have been tu tens sido you have been, etc. Eu tinha sido I had been, etc. Eu serei [sd'rvi] I shall be nos seremos [sd'remufj we tu seras [sd'raf] you will be shall be elle, ella serd [s9'ra] he, vos sereis [sd 'rmfj you will be she, it, you will be, etc.
Eu terei sido I shall have been, etc. Eu seria [sd f riu] I should be, nos seriamos [so'rivmuj] tu serias etc. Eu teria sido I should have been, etc. Eu seja ['svgv] I be, etc. Eu ser tu seres elle ser nds sermos vos serdes elles, ellas serem Imperative. The Portuguese adjective follows, as already mentioned, the same rules of inflexion as the substan- tive with which it consequently agrees in gender and number. It is the same as for the demonstrative, pos- sessive, and indefinite adjectives, and the ordinal numbers, which are all considered adjectives.
Also the cardinal numbers um and dois have a different form for the feminine cf. There are adjectives, denominated uniforms, which have only one form for both genders. This class embraces those ending by -e, -I, -ar, -as, -iz, , -im, -ea and -6, and those ending by -s in syllable not accen- tuated. The place of the Portuguese qualifying ad- jective is for the most part after the noun as for those denoting colour, form, dimension, nationality, religion; while the demonstrative, possessive, and indefinite ad- jectives precede the noun.
Tu es muito novo. Elle 6 um homem ruim. Ella 6 uma mulher nova. Aquelle menino e doente. Nos nao somos ricos. Eu era teu amigo. Era isso um bom conselho? Nao, foi mal pensado. Eu fui tarde duma hora. Fostes vos fdste tu, foi V g. Se fosse mais cedo, seria melhor. Se as fructas ja forem colhidas, 6 signal de ja terem madurecido. Sera um vestido para a menina.
Nao teria sido melhor escolher uma fazenda que fosse mais duravel? Se nao for duravel, nao tern duvida; o panno nao foi caro. Tudo quanto tenho comprado a esse negociante, tern sido bom. A nossa casa era muito alta e tinha quartos bastante grandes e airados.
You are a tall man. The rooms are very large. He is [a] Portuguese. Those are big horses. It was a grand idea. She was a pretty little girl. He has always been a good boy. If it be late, you will not find nao encontrard the way. The telegraph is a grand invention.
Ella 6 uma mulher nova. There are two men down- stairs. The student may at the same time be conscious that from the same person 2 nd pers. The b is mute when ter- minal: Any information as to infringement of my rights always thankfully received.
Be kind to the boy! Be good, and I will give you the fine fruit. If I were you, I should be diligent. The Crystal Palace is a grand edifice. Camdes was a great Portuguese poet. His best poem is "Os Lusiadas" He is an heir. Is this an apple? No, it is a quince. We are no bad boys.
The dog of my cousin is good and useful. Coimbra is the only university in Portugal. It is situated on the Mondego. Nao 6 elle um bonito rapaz? Nao e tao bonito como o Carlos. Nao sou tao velho como V a. Sao estas mesas de madeira? Sim, ellas sao de madeira. Foste bondoso para com to Fui muito bondoso para com o velho homem? Tenho sido doente desde crianca from childhood. Estao escovados os vestidos? Estao; foram escovados pela manha this morning. Assim o papel, o giz e o tecto sao brancos.
Este mata-borrao e amarello, esse e" vermelho, aquelle 6 aznl. Como 6 o quadro preto, o banco, a porta? Que c6r tern a tinta, o papel? The Auxiliary Verb estar. Difference between ser and estar. Differenga entre ser e estar. The verb estar to be to stand, to lie, to dwell, etc. Eu estou [tf'tou] I am nos estamos tf'tamufj we are tu estas [tf'taf] thou art elle, ella estd [tfta] vos estaes fiftaif] you are elles, ellas estam [if'tsu] they you are.
Eu estava [if taw] I was, etc.
Estive [if'tivd] I was or I have estivemos [tftivemuj] been, etc. Teriho estado I have been, etc. Tinha estado I had been, etc. Estarei I shall be, etc. Terei estado I shall have been, etc. Estar la I should be, etc. Esteja [if'tvgv] I be, etc. Estivesse [ifti 'vest] I were, et c. Existence in a general meaning, and is therefore called "Verbo substantive. Eu respiro, pois sou I breathe, consequently I am existing. A permanent state of existence, an essential and lasting condition, which may be expressed by substan- tive or adjective attribute or an infinitive.
A terra e uma esphera the earth is a sphere. Sou fdiz I am happy. E um lento morrer it is a slow dying. Meu primo e soldado my cousin is a soldier. A rosa e uma flor, e vermelha the rose is a flower, it is red. Followed by the past participle of a transitive verb, ser is employed to form the passive voice.
The past participle is submitted to inflection like an adjective: Elles for am censurados, they were blamed. Ser de means to belong to ; ex. To whom does this house belong? E de meu pae it is my father's. Estes livros sao do professor these books belong to the master. A certeza de estarmos salvos the certainty of our being safe.
On the contrary, estar is used: If the attribute appears merely accidental or smporary. A rosa estd murcha the rose is faded. Elle estd feliz he is just now happy. Estamos ricos we are rich vis.
Eu sou doente would mean that I have bad health. Estou bom de saude I am well; sou bom I am good. Estd bem it is all right, he she is well, you are well; estd mal it is bad, or he she is ill, you are ill. If a dwelling is to be expressed in any place that can be left or the object can be removed from: A criada estd na cozinha the servant is in the kitchen. Onde e a cozinha? Where is the kitchen? Here it may as well be said: A boca flea debaixo do naris the mouth is underneath the nose. While ser with the past participle of the verb forms the passive voice, estar with the same indicates the state or condition, as: A casa estd construida the house is built.
A casa e construida the house is building. Foi preso he has been imprisoned. A conta estd paga the bill is paid. Somos pagos aos meses we are paid monthly. Very often estar with another verb in the In- finitive or with the Present Participle is employed as an equivalent for to be with the Present Participle: Estou a escrever, estou escrevendo I am writing.
Estamos col- leccionando or a cotteccionar estampilhas ha dois annos we have been collecting stamps these two years. Estar a ferver to boil, to be boiling. Such a paraphrase is called: There is a certain number of adjectives that are generally used with estar, such as: A cidade de Lisboa esta situada na foz do rio Tejo. Ella foi edificada em sete collinas. E grande e populosa. As suas ruas, pracas e travessas sao empedrados. Antes do terremoto do anno de mil sete centos e cincoenta e cinco , as ruas na sua maioria eram tortas e estreitas. Bairros inteiros foram destrui- dos pelo terremoto.
Foi o marquez de Pombal que, sen do ministro do rei Dom Jos6 I Primeiro , depois d'esta catastrofe mandou reedificar a capital em bairros regulares que sao atra- vassados e cruzados por ruas direitas e largas. No socco deste monumento ha uma medalha de bronze, representando o marquez.
Yesterday I was 1 at church. Were you at the theatre yesterday? No r sir, I was at the theatre the day before yesterday; last night I was at the concert. He will be at his uncle's em casa de sen tio. It is possible that he has been ill. This hat is too large to be beautiful. It would have been easy for Charles always to be faithful to his master.
We have always been very attentive. He was angry while emquanto he was writing that letter. The water is boiling. The fish is boiled. Our walk has been beautiful. My sister had already been in London.
Qual meu nome e Sicrano 1. Eu sou alemao, mas estive Eu sou portugufis e tenho por muito tempo em Por- estado naAlemanhahacinco tugal. Tem sempre sido alumno Nao, senhor, estive primeiro d'esta escola? Estarei ate estiverem con- cluidos os meus estudos. Esta satisfeito com a sua Estou, sim, senhor. Eu seria estada aqui? Sempre tern estado com saiide Nem not sempre; mas agora emquanto ca esta? The Auxiliary Verb haver to have, to be left , to take place, to get, to obtain, etc.
As for to be, there are also for to have two corresponding verbs in Portuguese: The latter, less common in the meaning to have than the former, is especially employed 1. As a true auxiliary verb to form the simple Future Indicative and Conditional tenses of any verb,, whereby it drops the h av and hangs its personal endings on the Infinitive of the verb see While so employed, it is impersonal and consequently used only in the third person singular and without a pronoun: The Auxiliary Verb haver.
To form the compound Future Indicative and Conditional tenses: Here it may be used with the pronoun and must be followed by de. Modern writers join this preposition to the verb by a hyphen: In the meaning of to obtain: Elle houve o per- dao do rei he obtained the King's pardon. Havendo o premio da nossa canceira obtaining the reward of our toil.
Eu hei [vi] I have nos h av emos [ vv emuf] we tu has [af] you have have elle ha [a] he has vos h av eis [ vv vif] you have ha there is elles hdo [vu] they have. Eu havia [v'viv] I had nds haviawos [v'vivmuf] we tu havias you had had elle havia he had vds havieis [v'vivif] you had havia there was elles hawam they had. Houve 1 ['ovdj I had houvemos [o'vsmuf] we had houveste [o'veftd] you had houvestes [o'veft'i ] you had houve he had, there was houveram [o'vsrvu] they had. Tern havido there has been. Tinha havido there had been. Haverei I shall have, etc. Terd havido there will be had, etc.
Haveria there would be. Teria havido there would have been. Haja ['a,gv] that I have, etc. Haja let there be. All other imperative forms are unusual. Haver, haveres, haver, havermos, haverdes, haverem that I, you, he, etc. In the same manner is conjugated the compound verb rehaver to have or get back ; but this verb is only used in forms which have the -v- rehavendo, rehavido, rehavia, rehouve, etc. There are still other compound forms, such as: The same is to be said for the other auxiliary verbs, already mentioned. The omitted tenses may easily be sub- stituted.
Yet there is still a tense quite peculiar to the Portuguese language, which we have not yet spoken of, because we wanted to mention it apart: It is formed from the 2 ud person sing, of the Perfect by hanging the ending -ste into -ra houveste: The student may at the same time be conscious that from the same person 2 nd pers. This derivation is the same in any regular or irregular verb. As for the employment of the Compound Future and Conditional tenses, there is some little difference with the simple tense.
Hei-de fazer expresses not only that something will be done by me, but that I intend or am willing to do it. Nos ha- viamos-de ser mais economicos we ought to be more economical. Nos seriamos mais economicos we should be more economical. Haver-de, to be obliged to, may also be used in other forms than Present and Imperfect tenses: Houve-de ser cortes he had to be polite. Se nao houvesse- de considerar isso if that were not to be considered. Se liouver mos -de luctar com difficuldadas if there are diffi- culties to be fought with, or if we are obliged to fight against difficulties.
Ha-de haver tempo para tudo there must be time for everything. In some tenses the 3 rd person sing, of haver indicates a time past and corresponds to these. Ha tres horas que estamos esperando or a espera we have been waiting these three hours. Ha houve, haverd, etc. Nao ha nada there is nothing the matter. Haver por bem means to think proper. It is scarcely used but by or of the King or the govern- ment. Haver por mal is rarely used and means: The reader will already have noticed that in the Imperative mood the second person sing, when- employed affirmatively is derived from the same person of the Present tense Indicative by losing the s ; and from the Present Subjunctive, when employed nega- tively; e.
Yet there are still for the auxiliary verbs some little irregularities to be noticed: Addressing a plurality of persons, the Imper- rative form is the 3 rd person plur. There is indeed an Impera- tive of the 2 nd person plur. The reader will find it in the? Em portugues ha dois verbos auxiliares para traduzir o verbo ingles to have, e outros tantos, para traduzir to be.
Os primeiros sao ter e haver; os ultimos ser e estar. No uso d'elles in their use ha alguma differen9a. Se nao houvesse maior difficuldade, ou se essa fosse a unica, o estudo da lingua nao seria difficil. Mas haja paciencia, que havemos-de aprender portugufis bem depressa. Ha poucas semanas que o it esta- mos estudando e ja sabemos conjugar os verbos auxiliares. Estes verbos, sendo os mais most irregulares, sao os inais difficeis. Nao havendo interrup9oes, como ja as houve com dias santos e ferias, e se nao houver doencas, cedo hao-de ser vencidas as primeiras difficuldades.
Tenham pois animo e sejam applicados. There is a man downstairs. There are two men down- stairs. There is to be a saint's day this week. There being no one there, I went see 36, note away. Is there much money in England? Yes, there is transl. Will there be a concert to-night? No, there has been a concert last night.
There's nothing the matter. I have been walk- ing these two hours. I must go home. We all todos intend to go home see 46 , we must see p. Is it long since you have been learning Portuguese? No, it is only a few weeks. And there has been some interruption by holidays. Have you had a gram- mar? Now we have, but we had not from the beginning. Que tern o alemao? Ha ali grandes casas? Houve terremoto em Portugal? Tern havido terremotos mais vezes? Nao foi o criado comprar peixe no mercado? Ha, sim, senhor; e a d'elle his e uma das maiores. Houve, mas ja ha alguns mezes. Nao havia peixe no mercado ; como o tempo estivera mau, nao tinha havido guem fosse see p.
Employment and Concord of Tenses. Emprego e concordancia de tempos. As we have seen, there are two forms of the Infinitive: It is employed after a preposition. In the regular verbs it is consonant to the Sub- junctive Future. Faze diligencia para seres lorn. Take pains to be good. Passei sem me verem I passed without being seen lit.: Depois de nos estarmos seniados, conversdmos. After having sat down, we talked. While the Present has only one tense, the Past is divided into two, or taking also the Pluperfect into three simple tenses: The Preterito imperfeito is used: Passdvamos o verdo no campo we used to pass the summer in the country.
Chovia emquanto eu passeava. It was raining while I took a walk. As for an action being interrupted by another, see B, c. Elles foram a urn sitio que ficava muito longe. They went to a place that was very far off. A lebre, como corria muito, fwu-se nas pernas. The hare, being a good runner, trusted to its legs. As in English, the Imperfect may often be substituted by the first Participle e. The Preterito perfeito or deftnido is used to ex- press actions following one another.
It is the historical tense, being peculiarly appropriated to the narrative style and therefore used: Na batalha de Aljubarrota os Portugueses venceram os castelhanos.
In the battle of Aljubarrota the Portuguese vanquished the Castilians. Eu tlve uma carta I got a letter. Elle teve medo he became frightened. Houve gritaria there was a clamour. JEhnquanto Jiavia trovoada, elle entrou em casa. Whilst there was a thunderstorm, he entered the house. Have you already dined or had dinner? Tive uma chicara de did I have had a cup of tea. Comprdmos cafe we have bought coffee. The compound Perfect is, indeed, always rendered by the simple Preterite, and not by the compound, when the action of the verb is altogether finished in the past and has nothing to do with the present time.
Comprdmos assucar we have bought sugar, and: Temos sempre comprado assucar ao ne- gociante, nosso vizinho. Another tense peculiar to the Portuguese is the Simple Pluperfect Mais-que-perfeito simples already spoken of in There is no difficulty whatever in its use. It may anywhere be substituted by the com- pound form ; yet, as the Portuguese likes to employ simple forms, the student will do well in equally prac- tising the simple Mais-que-perfeito. The first participle or gerund Participio imperfeito or gerundio does not essentially differ in its Employment and Concord of Tenses.
Yet it must not be employed after certain prepositions which in English require the gerund, while in Portuguese the Infinitive or the Past Participle is used cf. The Future of the Subjunctive Mood, also a form connected solely with the Portuguese language, is used to express some uncertain future event.
It is nearly exclusively employed after the conjunctions se if, quando when, emquanto while, as long as. Quando tivermos dinheiro, compraremos essa casa. When we shall have money, we shall buy that house. If he is or be at home, the door will be open. Emquanto nao fizerem diligencia, nao serdo succedidos. As long as they do not take pains, they will not succeed. The Conditional is employed as in English. Se tivesse diriheiro, compraria or comprava essa casa. If I had money, I should buy that house.
Ainda gue fosse rico, nao a compraria or nao a com- prava. Even if I were rich, I should not buy it. Se nao tivesse sido tao tarde, o homem nao teria or nao tinlia estado em casa. If it had not been so late, the man would not have been at home. So we employ in the subordinate sentence the Imperfect or Pluperfect of the Conjunctive, and in the principal sentence the first or second Conditional. The Subjunctive 1 being the mood of un- certainty, it is used: The 1 The rules on the subjunctive mood need be only read over liere and can be learned thoroughly later on.
I want order, desire, trust you to be modest. Merecia que fosse attendido. He would deserve to be attended to. Eu nao digo que seja assim. I do not say that it is so. Julga que die tenha comprehendido? Do you think he will have understood? Receio que nao esteja em casa. I fear he will not be at home. Estimei que tivesse vindo. I was glad he had come. Duvido que tenhas chegado a tempo. I doubt that you have arrived in time. Nao tenhas duvida que eu seja teu amigo. Don't have any doubt that I am your friend. The father did not know that his son was ill.
Mando que escreva I order him to write. Julgdra que tivesse escripto I thought he had written. A empresa the enterprise o atraso the delay [I'prezu] [v 'trazu] dar [dar] to give o reldgio the watch deu [deu] 3rd pers. Esta empresa tern dado bom lucro; deu dez por cento aos accionistas no anno passado. Temos pensado muito na sua posicao que no primeiro momento nos parecia Imp.
Ha muito tempo que tern sido a minha ambicao saber bem a lingua portuguesa. Se tivesse quern m'a it to me en- sinasse, havia-de estudar essa bella lingua. Desde que ca moro 1 st pers. E curioso seres tu que tenha essa ideia. Estamos a espera que elle acabe para avaliarmos o estrago que tiver feito. Ja chegou o com- boio? Ainda nao; tera atraso; ja sao seis boras no meu relo- gio. Talvez esteja adiantado o seu relogio. Estao a dar as seis. What have you there? It is a letter. No, it is not. It is for your neighbour who is there at the door.
Was there no letter for me? If there had been, I should have given it you 1. It is a long time that I have not had any news from my friend. I am very sad. If there be no letter to-morrow, I shall write com p. Have the kindness to tell me de me dizer what o'clock it is. It is two o'clock. No, I am mistaken, it is half past one.
It is time for me to go home. Onde e or fica a sua casa? E or fica ali na rua vizinha. Ha muito tempo que mora Tenho la morado ha quatro n'ella? Onde esteve V a - Ex a - no anno Estive n'uma praia balnear. Houve la muito movimento? Mindlin was married to Guita Mindlin, who died in ,[2] and they had 4 children and 11 grandchildren. He was the owner of the largest private library in Latin America, with more than 38, titles. Emilio Jose Bonifacio Del Rosario born April 23, is a Dominican professional baseball utility player who is currently a free agent.
Primarily a second baseman and center fielder throughout his career, Bonifacio has also played shortstop and third base. Bonifacio was called up to the majors he played for the South Bend Silver Hawks before he entered the majors. Bonifacio went 1 for 4, During the Brazilian military dictatorship, which imposed a two-party system, Sarney affiliated himself with the government party, ARENA, becoming the president of the party in Sarney joined the dissenters, and was instrumental He is considered to be one of the most famous and influential Brazilian Romantic novelists of the 19th century, and a major exponent of the literary tradition known as "Indianism".
Sometimes he signed his works with the pen name Erasmo. He was patron of the 23rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. His family was a rich and influential clan in Northeastern Brazil, his grandmother being famous landowner Barbara Pereira de Alencar, heroine of the Pernambucan Revolution. The heir of a wealthy family of coffee producers, Santos-Dumont dedicated himself to aeronautical study and experimentation in Paris, where he spent most of his adult life. In his early career he designed, built, and flew hot air balloons and early dirigibles, culminating in his winning the Deutsch de la Meurthe prize on 19 October for a flight that rounded the Eiffel Tower.
His conviction that aviation would usher in an era of worldwide peace and prosperity led him to freely publish his desi Condorismo or Condoreirismo was a Brazilian literary movement that lasted from the mids until the early s. It is a subdivision of Brazilian Romanticism, being thus called "the third phase of Brazilian Romanticism", preceded by the Indianism and the Ultra-Romanticism.
The name "Condorism" comes from the condor, a bird of solitary and high flight, said to be capable of seeing things from a great distance. Condorist poets believed they had this same ability, and should use it to educate people in the ways of justice and freedom. Sometimes albeit very rarely Condorism is also called Hugoanism in Portuguese: Hugoanismo , after Victor Hugo, who served as the major Condorist influence. The Baron of Rio Branco was a member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters, occupying its 34th chair from until his death in As a representative of Brazil, through his outstanding diplomacy, he managed to peacefully resolve Brazil's border disputes with its South American neighbours.
The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its foundation on December 15, , with the by-laws being passed on January 28, On July 20 of the same year, the academy entered into operation. The Brazilian Academy of Letters is, according to its statutes, charged with the care of the "national language" of Brazil the Portuguese language and with the promotion of Brazilian literary arts. The academy is considered the foremost institution devoted to the Portuguese language in Brazil.
Although it is not a state institution and no law grants to it oversight over the language, by its prestige and technical qualification it is the paramount authority on Brazilian Portuguese. The academy's main publication in this field is the Ortho Veredas known in English as The Devil to Pay in the Backlands , a revolutionary text for its blend of archaic and colloquial prose and frequent use of neologisms, taking inspiration from the spoken language of the Brazilian backlands. For its profoundly philosophical themes, the critic Antonio Candido described the books as a "metaphysical novel".
It is often considered to be the Brazilian equivalent of James Joyce's Ulysses. Veredas" was named among the best books of all time. Joaquim Maria Machado de Assis Portuguese: Widely regarded as the greatest writer of Brazilian literature,[2][3][4] nevertheless he did not gain widespread popularity outside Brazil in his own lifetime. In he founded and became the first President of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He was multilingual, having taught himself French, English, German and Greek in later life.
Machado's works had a great influence on Brazilian literary schools of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. For his innovation and audacity in early themes, Assis is often seen as a writer of unprecedented production, being known for his irony and wide vocabulary. He had a doctorate in sociology from the London School of Economics, which was directed by Ernest Gellner. He published books written directly in French, English, Italian, and his native Portuguese.
Merquior divided his published works in two segments. In one the bulk was criticism per se; in the other the emphasis was the history of ideas, or more specific investigations like the highly esteemed study of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Max Weber. Rio Branco was born in Salvador, in what was then the Captaincy of Bahia, to a wealthy family, but most of the fortune was lost after his parents' deaths early in his childhood. Rio Branco attended Brazil's Naval School and became a midshipman in Later that year he was enrolled in the Army's Military Academy, eventually becoming an instructor there.
Rather than continue to serve in the military, he became a politician in the Liberal Party. In , he was elected a member of the provincial house of representatives of Rio de Janeiro province, site of the national capital of the same name. He wrote the lyrics of the Brazilian Flag Anthem. He founded and occupied the 15th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from until his death in As a young man, he was a brilliant student, enrolling in the school of medicine at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro at the age of He began studying medicine, but did not finish the course.
He also tried to study law at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de A caricature of Alberto de Oliveira, by Belmiro de Almeida. He is better known by his pen name Alberto de Oliveira. Young, Richard; Cisneros, Odile He was also an avid researcher of Native Brazilian languages and folklore. He is the patron of the 15th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He became interested in Medicine and began studying at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, graduating in Pharmacy in Most of his writing centers on issues of Jewish identity in the Diaspora and particularly on being Jewish in Brazil.
Scliar is best known outside Brazil for his novel Max and the Cats Max e os Felinos , the story of a young German[1] man who flees Berlin after he comes to the attention of the Nazis for having had an affair with a married woman. Making his way to Brazil, his ship sinks, and he finds himself alone in a dinghy with a jaguar who had been travelling in the hold. He graduated in medicine in , majoring in public health. He first worked at the Jewish Hospital for the Elderly in Porto Alegre, and later worked in the public health field in tuberculosis prevention and treatment.
After being overthrown in a coup, Vargas returned to power as the democratically elected president in , serving until his suicide in Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the longest of any President, and second in Brazilian history only to Emperor Pedro II among heads of state. He favored nationalism, industrialization, centralization, social welfare and populism — for the latter, Vargas won the nickname "The Father of the Poor". He is the patron of the 32nd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. Later on, he finally changed it to its definitive form: In , he left Brazil along with Debret to Europe, in or In she became Brazil's representative to the UN, and in she became the first female writer to enter the Academia Brasileira de Letras.
Her first novel was Guia-Mapa de Gabriel Arcanjo The Guidebook of Archangel Gabriel , written in , it concerns a protagonist discussing Christian doctrine with her guardian angel. The work involves generations of a family from Galicia who emigrated to Brazil. This relates to her own family's experience. He is famous for the Impressionist romance O Ateneu. He is patron of the 33rd chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
As a child, he moved to Rio de Janeiro with his family. At the age of 15 he started to study at the Faculty of Medicine of Rio de Janeiro and in he graduated as medical doctor with a thesis on water as vehicle for the propagation of microbes. Inspired by the great work of Louis Pasteur, who had developed the germ theory of disease, four years later he went to Paris to special Euclides da Cunha, ca.
This book was a favorite of Robert Lowell, who ranked it above Tolstoy. It remains in print. He was heavily influenced by Naturalism and its Darwinian proponents. He occupied the 7th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters from until his death in He served as inspiration for the character of The Journalist in She played a major and one of the important roles in the Philippine Revolution.
When she became a secondary s Roberto de Oliveira Campos 17 April — 9 October was a Brazilian economist, writer, diplomat, politician and member of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. He served in a number of capacities, including Brazilian ambassador to the United States and to the United Kingdom, minister of planning for the government of Castelo Branco, and congressman. Ruy Barbosa de Oliveira 5 November — 1 March was a Brazilian polymath, diplomat, writer, jurist, and politician. Born in Salvador, Bahia, he was a federal representative, senator, Minister of Finance and diplomat.
For his distinguished participation in the 2nd Hague Conference, defending the principle of equality among nations, he earned the nickname "Eagle of the Hague". He ran unsuccessfully for the Presidency of Brazil in , and in Rui Barbosa gave his first public speech for the abolition of slavery when he was For the rest of his life he remained an uncompromising defender of civil liberties. Part of Barbosa's legacy to history is that he authorised, as minister of finance on 14 December , the destruction of most government records relating to slavery.
Soon after, Pitanguy went to France and England where he studied plastic surgery. In he began working at a Brazilian hospital. Pitanguy treated burn victims for weeks on an emergency basis. He later referred to the event as life changing, as it taught him that for many, physical appearance was critical to living. Pitanguy was also a philanthropist.
Pitanguy was a member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature for instance, Irish or France. He is the patron of the 36th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters. The literary critic Alfredo Bosi considers his work Fanfarras to have launched the Parnassian movement in Brazilian literature.
Moving to Rio de Janeiro, he was lodged in a convent for two years — and prepared to ingress at a Law course. In , he finished the Law course at the Faculdade de Direito da Universidade d He was one of the most influential public figures in Brazil during the s and the s, becoming notable as a journalist, an entrepreneur, an arts patron as well as a politician. For some time — , concurrently with his scholarly labors, he edited the famous Revista Brasileira. Estudos Brasileiros 2 Vols. Although he wrote many lyrical and religious poems, he was more well known by his satirical ones, most of them frontally criticizing the Catholic Church, rendering him the nickname "Boca do Inferno" in English: He is the patron of the 16th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.
He studied at the Jesuit College and travelled to Lisbon in , entering the University of Coimbra, where he completed his Law degree in In , he served as solicitor for the city of Bahia to the Portuguese court. In he returned to Brazil as a widower. Life and career Bandeira wrote over 20 books of poetry and prose. Bandeira began to publish his most important works in He became a respected Brazilian author and wrote for several newspapers and magazines.
He also taught Hispanic Literature in Rio de Janeiro. Bandeira began to translate into Portuguese canonical plays of world literature in , something he continued to do until his last days. He died in Rio de Janeiro.