Manual Man, Woman, Transexual

What's the difference between being transgender or transsexual and having an intersex condition?

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It defined transsexualism as "[a] desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by a sense of discomfort with, or inappropriateness of, one's anatomic sex, and a wish to have surgery and hormonal treatment to make one's body as congruent as possible with one's preferred sex. With the DSM-5 , transsexualism was removed as a diagnosis, and a diagnosis of gender dysphoria was created in its place. Principle 18 of The Yogyakarta Principles , a document of international human rights law , [63] opposes such diagnosis as mental illness as medical abuse.

The current diagnosis for transsexual people who present themselves for medical treatment is gender dysphoria leaving out those who have sexual identity disorders without gender concerns. The causes of transsexuality have been studied for decades.

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A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth. Trans women may experience gender dysphoria and may transition; this process commonly. Transsexual (less commonly transexual) people experience a gender identity that is . For example, a trans man is a person who was assigned the female sex at birth on the basis of his genitals, but despite that assignment, identifies as a man.

The most studied factors are biological. Certain brain structures in trans women have been found to be similar to cisgender women's as opposed to cis men's, and trans men's have been found to be similar to cis men's, even controlling for hormone use , which can also cause trans people's brains to become closer to those of cis people of the same gender. However, these studies are limited as they include a small number of tested individuals. Studies have also found that both androphilic and gynephilic trans women's brain function and responses are like cis women's and unlike cis men's, or are intermediate between the two.

Likewise, studies such as Rametti's have found that trans men have male-like white matter patterns even before using hormones , regardless of sexual orientation. With regard to genetic factors, a study by Hare reported that trans women have a longer androgen receptor gene than cis men, which is less effective at binding testosterone, potentially preventing complete masculinization of the brain prenatal androgen exposure or sensitivity, or lack thereof, is an often cited mechanism to explain observed brain-structure differences.

Environmental factors have also been proposed. The failure of an attempt to raise David Reimer from infancy through adolescence as a girl after his genitals were accidentally mutilated is cited as disproving the theory that gender identity is determined by upbringing.

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Ray Blanchard developed a taxonomy of male-to-female transsexualism that proposes two distinct etiologies for androphilic and gynephilic individuals that has become highly controversial, supported by J. Sex reassignment therapy SRT is an umbrella term for all medical treatments related to sex reassignment of both transgender and intersex people.

Individuals make different choices regarding sex reassignment therapy, which may include female-to-male or male-to-female hormone replacement therapy HRT to modify secondary sex characteristics , sex reassignment surgery such as orchiectomy to alter primary sex characteristics , chest surgery such as top surgery or breast augmentation , or, in the case of trans women, a trachea shave , facial feminization surgery or permanent hair removal. To obtain sex reassignment therapy, transsexual people are generally required to undergo a psychological evaluation and receive a diagnosis of gender identity disorder in accordance with the Standards of Care SOC as published by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health.

The SOC are intended as guidelines, not inflexible rules, and are intended to ensure that clients are properly informed and in sound psychological health, and to discourage people from transitioning based on unrealistic expectations. After an initial psychological evaluation, trans men and trans women may begin medical treatment, starting with hormone replacement therapy [65] [70] or hormone blockers. In these cases, people who change their gender are usually required to live as members of their target gender for at least one year prior to genital surgery, gaining real-life experience , which is sometimes called the "real-life test" RLT.

Some people posit that transsexualism is a physical condition, not a psychological issue, and assert that sex reassignment therapy should be given on request. Like other trans people, transsexual people may refer to themselves as trans men or trans women. Transsexual people desire to establish a permanent gender role as a member of the gender with which they identify, and many transsexual people pursue medical interventions as part of the process of expressing their gender.

The entire process of switching from one physical sex and social gender presentation to another is often referred to as transitioning, and usually takes several years. Transsexual people who transition usually change their social gender roles, legal names and legal sex designation. Not all transsexual people undergo a physical transition.

Some find reasons not to; for example, the expense of surgery, the risk of medical complications, or medical conditions which make the use of hormones or surgery dangerous. Some may not identify strongly with another binary gender role. Others may find balance at a midpoint during the process, regardless of whether or not they are binary-identified.

Many transsexual people, including binary-identified transsexual people, do not undergo genital surgery, because they are comfortable with their own genitals, or because they are concerned about nerve damage and the potential loss of sexual pleasure, including orgasm. This is especially so in the case of trans men, many of whom are dissatisfied with the current state of phalloplasty , which is typically very expensive, not covered by health insurance, and commonly does not achieve desired results. For example, not only does phalloplasty not result in a completely natural erection, it may not allow for an erection at all, and its results commonly lack penile sexual sensitivity; in other cases, however, phalloplasty results are satisfying for trans men.

By contrast, metoidioplasty , which is more popular, is significantly less expensive and has far better sexual results. Some transsexual people live heterosexual lifestyles see heteronormative , while some identify as gay, lesbian, [24] or bisexual. Many transsexual people choose the language of how they refer to their sexual orientation based on their gender identity, not their birth assigned sex , [24] though some transsexual people still find identification with a physical-sex-based community: Psychological techniques that attempt to alter gender identity to one considered appropriate for the person's assigned sex are typically ineffective.

The widely recognized Standards of Care [65] note that sometimes the only reasonable and effective course of treatment for transsexual people is to go through sex reassignment therapy. The need for treatment of transsexual people is emphasized by the high rate of mental health problems, including depression , anxiety , and various addictions , as well as a higher suicide rate among untreated transsexual people than in the general population. Many transgender and transsexual activists, and many caregivers, note that these problems are not usually related to the gender identity issues themselves, but the social and cultural responses to gender-variant individuals.

Some transsexual people reject the counseling that is recommended by the Standards of Care [65] because they do not consider their gender identity to be a cause of psychological problems. Because of this, some transsexual people feel coerced into affirming outdated concepts of gender to overcome simple legal and medical hurdles Brown People who undergo sex reassignment surgery can develop regret for the procedure later in life, largely due to lack of support from family or peers, with data from the s suggesting a rate of 3.

A meta-study, based on 28 previous long-term studies of transsexual men and women, found that the overall psychological functioning of transsexual people after transition was similar to that of the general population and significantly better than that of untreated transsexual people. Estimates of the prevalence of transsexual people are highly dependent on the specific case definitions used in the studies, with prevalence rates varying by orders of magnitude.

A study of Swedes estimated transsexualism in 0. Olyslager and Conway presented a paper [87] at the WPATH 20th International Symposium arguing that the data from their own and other studies actually imply much higher prevalence, with minimum lower bounds of 1: They estimate the number of post-op women in the US to be 32, and obtain a figure of 1: They further compare the annual incidences of sex reassignment surgery SRS and male birth in the U.

Olyslager and Conway also argue that the US population of assigned males having already undergone reassignment surgery by the top three US SRS surgeons alone is enough to account for the entire transsexual population implied by the 1: A study of the number of New Zealand passport holders who changed the sex on their passport estimated that 1: Though no direct studies on the prevalence of gender identity disorder GID have been done, a variety of clinical papers published in the past 20 years provide estimates ranging from 1: A systematic review and meta-analysis of "how various definitions of transgender affect prevalence estimates" in 27 studies found a meta-prevalence mP estimates per , population of 9.

A number of Native American and First Nations cultures have traditional social and ceremonial roles for individuals who do not fit into the usual roles for males and females in that culture. These roles can vary widely between tribes, because gender roles, when they exist at all, also vary considerably among different Native cultures. Laws regarding changes to the legal status of transsexual people are different from country to country. Some jurisdictions allow an individual to change their name , and sometimes, their legal gender, to reflect their gender identity.

Within the US, some states allow amendments or complete replacement of the original birth certificates. In many places, it is not possible to change birth records or other legal designations of sex, although changes are occurring. Medical treatment for transsexual and transgender people is available in most Western countries. However, transsexual and transgender people challenge the "normative" gender roles of many cultures and often face considerable hatred and prejudice.

The film Boys Don't Cry chronicles the case of Brandon Teena , a transsexual man who was raped and murdered after his status was discovered. The project Remembering Our Dead , founded by Gwendolyn Ann Smith, archives numerous cases of transsexual and transgender people being murdered. Jurisdictions allowing changes to birth records generally allow trans people to marry members of the opposite sex to their gender identity and to adopt children. Jurisdictions which prohibit same sex marriage often require pre-transition marriages to be ended before they will issue an amended birth certificate.

Health-practitioner manuals, professional journalistic style guides , and LGBT advocacy groups advise the adoption by others of the name and pronouns identified by the person in question, including present references to the transgender or transsexual person's past. Sometimes transsexual people have to correct their friends and family members many times before they begin to use the transsexual person's desired pronouns consistently.

According to Julia Serano , deliberate mis-gendering of transsexual people is "an arrogant attempt to belittle and humiliate trans people" []. Both "transsexualism" and "gender identity disorders not resulting from physical impairments" are specifically excluded from coverage under the Americans with Disabilities Act Section Openly transsexual people can have difficulty maintaining employment. Most find it necessary to remain employed during transition in order to cover the costs of living and transition.

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However, employment discrimination against trans people is rampant and many of them are fired when they come out or are involuntarily outed at work. Other stresses that transsexual people face in the workplace are being fearful of coworkers negatively responding to their transition, and losing job experience under a previous name—even deciding which rest room to use can prove challenging. Laws regarding name and gender changes in many countries make it difficult for transsexual people to conceal their trans status from their employers.

In many countries, laws provide protection from workplace discrimination based on gender identity or gender expression, including masculine women and feminine men. An increasing number of companies are including "gender identity and expression" in their non-discrimination policies. California 's anti-discrimination laws protect transsexual persons in the workplace and specifically prohibit employers from terminating or refusing to hire a person based on their transsexuality.

Many transsexual men and women choose to live completely as members of their gender without disclosing details of their birth-assigned sex. This approach is sometimes called stealth. Transsexualism was discussed in the mass media as long ago as the s. The American magazine Time in devoted an article to what it called " hermaphrodites ", treating the subject with sensitivity and not sensationalism. Christine Jorgensen was a transgender woman who received considerable attention in American mass media in the s. Jorgensen was a former G. Her story appeared in publications including Time and Newsweek.

Other representations of transgender women appeared in mainstream media in the s and s, such as Delisa Newton , Charlotte McLeod, Tamara Rees, and Marta Olmos Ramiro, but Jorgensen received the most attention. Her story was sensationalized, but received positively. Before transsexual people were depicted in popular movies and television shows, Aleshia Brevard —a transsexual whose surgery took place in []: Aleshia never portrayed a transsexual person, though she appeared in eight Hollywood-produced films, on most of the popular variety shows of the day, including The Dean Martin Show , and was a regular on The Red Skelton Show and One Life to Live before returning to university to teach drama and acting.

Thomas Harris 's Silence of the Lambs included a serial killer who considered himself a transsexual. After being turned down for sex reassignment surgery due to not meeting necessary psychological evaluations, he then harvested female bodies to make a feminine suit. In the novel, it is noted that the character is not actually a transsexual; this distinction is made only briefly in the film.

Films depicting transgender issues include: The film Different for Girls is notable for its depiction of a transsexual woman who meets up with, and forms a romantic relationship with, her former best friend from her all-male boarding school. Ma Vie en Rose portrays a six-year-old child who is gender variant. When the main character is conflicted about falling in love with a "woman who is also a man", Guitar Wolf tells him "Love knows no race, nationality or gender! Although Better Than Chocolate is primarily about the romance of two lesbians, a subplot in the Canadian film has Judy Peter Outerbridge , a trans woman with a crush on Frances Ann-Marie MacDonald , the owner of a lesbian bookstore.

The film has a few scenes showing how Judy loses her parents, who are unable to accept her and buy her off with a home as a goodbye forever present. Southern Comfort is a documentary by filmmaker Katie Davis, which follows the final months of the life of Robert Eads , a female-to-male transsexual living in Georgia. Eads was diagnosed with ovarian cancer and rejected for treatment by over two dozen doctors due to his transsexuality.

The documentary follows Eads and several of his closest friends, a support group of transsexual southerners known as "Southern Comfort". Two notable films depict transphobic violence based on true events: Calpernia Addams has appeared in numerous movies and television shows, including the movie Transamerica , in which Felicity Huffman portrays a transsexual woman. In fall , the Sundance Channel aired a documentary series known as TransGeneration.

This series focused on four transsexual college students, including two trans women and two trans men, in various stages of transition. The Gwen Araujo Story. Transsexual people have also been depicted in popular television shows. In part of the first season of the s t. In Just Shoot Me! After initially being frightened, he eventually forms sexual attraction to his friend, but is scorned, as he is 'not her type'.

In an episode of Becker Dr. Becker gets an out-of-town visit from an old friend who turns out to have undergone SRS, it plays out very similar to the situations in Just Shoot Me! In a s episode of The Love Boat , McKenzie Phillips portrays a trans woman who is eventually accepted as a friend by her old high school classmate, series regular Fred Grandy.

Without a Trace and CSI: Crime Scene Investigation have had episodes dealing with violence against transsexual characters. Candis Cayne , a transsexual actress, appeared in CSI: NY as a transsexual character. There's Something About Miriam was a reality television show. It featured six men wooing year-old Mexican model Miriam without revealing that she was a pre-operative trans woman until the final episode.

She died on 20 January Since , with the goal of crowning the top transsexual of the world, a beauty pageant by the name of The World's Most Beautiful Transsexual Contest was held in Las Vegas , Nevada. The pageant accepted pre-operation and post-operation trans women, but required proof of their gender at birth. The winner of the pageant was a woman named Mimi Marks. Jenna Talackova, the year-old woman who forced Donald Trump and his Miss Universe Canada pageant to end its ban on transgender contestants, competed in the pageant on May 19, in Toronto. On Saturday, January 12, , Kylan Arianna Wenzel was the first transgender woman allowed to compete in a Miss Universe Organization pageant since Donald Trump changed the rules to allow women like Wenzel to enter officially.

Miss Wenzel was the first transgender woman to compete in a Miss Universe Organization pageant since officials disqualified year-old Miss Canada Jenna Talackova the previous year after learning she was transgender. Trans communities in various countries hold several events annually; in the United States, the most prominent are the Transgender Day of Remembrance held every year on November 20, and the Trans March , one of three protests held in San Francisco, California during "Pride Weekend", the last weekend of June.

All About Trans is an organization in the UK whose goal is to influence and improve media professionals' understanding and portrayal of transsexual people. They do this by connecting media outlets with members of the transsexual community throughout the UK in order to foster a greater sensitivity toward this group of people. Transgender At Work TAW is an organization with a focus on addressing issues in the workplace for transsexual individuals.

Its goal is to allow transsexual employees to work productively without feeling as if they must hide an essential part of themselves. This includes addressing such issues as transsexual individuals being excluded from employer health care on the basis of their transsexuality. The National Transgender Advocacy Coalition is a lobbying organization in the United States dedicated to preserving the civil rights of transsexual individuals.

It began in Virginia in and held its first lobbying event in It has no paid employees, but consists of a board of experienced lobbyists and activists. The Renaissance Education Association is a non-profit organization founded in Pennsylvania that is dedicated to providing education and social support regarding transgender issues. This includes providing educational programs, support groups, and resources to community care providers. It also strives to provide personal and educational resources for individuals struggling with issues related to transsexuality and those close to them.

Survivor Project is a non-profit organization founded in that is devoted to assisting intersex and transsexual survivors of domestic and sexual violence. This is done through caring action and education. The Project provides presentations, workshops, and consultation materials to many communities and universities across the United States. It also works to find information regarding the specific issues faced by intersex and transsexual individuals who are victimized. Empowering survivors and allowing them to participate in anti-violence activism is one major philosophy of the organization.

It is dedicated to engaging in effective advocacy for transgender people in our society. The TLPI brings experts together to work on law and policy initiatives designed to advance transgender equality.

Their website provides information and resources on legislation, case law, employer and college policies and other resources. Their website includes articles about being young and transgender, both personal accounts and scientific articles that are intended to help transgender youth become more informed and comfortable with their sexuality and gender. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Health care and medicine. This section is transcluded from Causes of transsexuality. Legal aspects of transsexualism. List of transgender characters in film and television. Transgender portal Sexuality portal.

The adjective transgendered should not be used [ Transsexuals constitute a subset of transgender people. Alegria, Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation , in the Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners , volume 23, issue 4 , pages — Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity Meyerowitz, In Stryker and S. Archived from the original on Transsexualism is often included within the broader term 'transgender', which is generally considered an umbrella term for people who do not conform to typically accepted gender roles for the sex they were assigned at birth.

The term 'transgender' is a word employed by activists to encompass as many groups of gender diverse people as possible. In Latin American cultures, a travesti is a person who has been assigned male at birth and who has a feminine, transfeminine, or "femme" gender identity. Travestis generally undergo hormonal treatment, use female gender expression including new names and pronouns from the masculine ones they were given when assigned a sex, and might use breast implants, but they are not offered or do not desire sex-reassignment surgery. They are framed as something entirely separate from transgender women, who possess the same gender identity of people assigned female at birth.

Other transgender identities are becoming more widely known, as a result of contact with other cultures of the Western world. In Thailand and Laos , [] the term kathoey is used to refer to male-to-female transgender people [] and effeminate gay men. Transgender people have also been documented in Iran , [] Japan, [] Nepal , [] Indonesia , [] Vietnam , [] South Korea, [] Singapore , [] and the greater Chinese region , including Hong Kong, [] [] Taiwan , [] and the People's Republic of China.

In India , the Supreme Court on April 15, , recognized a third gender that is neither male nor female, stating "Recognition of transgenders as a third gender is not a social or medical issue but a human rights issue. On January 5, , Reuters stated that the first transgender mayor was elected in central India.

In early Medina , gender-variant [] male-to-female Islamic people were acknowledged [] in the form of the Mukhannathun. In Ancient Rome , the Gallae were castrated [] followers of the Phrygian goddess Cybele and can be regarded as transgender in today's terms. Among the ancient Middle Eastern Akkadian people, a salzikrum was a person who appeared biologically female but had distinct male traits.

Salzikrum is a compound word meaning male daughter. A salzikrum's father could also stipulate that she inherit a certain amount. Mahu is a traditional status in Polynesian cultures. Also, in Fa'asamoa traditions, the Samoan culture allows a specific role for male to female transgender individuals as Fa'afafine. Transgender people vary greatly in choosing when, whether, and how to disclose their transgender status to family, close friends, and others. Fear of retaliatory behavior, such as being removed from the parental home while underage, is a cause for transgender people to not come out to their families until they have reached adulthood.

The internet can play a significant role in the coming out process for transgender people. Some come out in an online identity first, providing an opportunity to go through experiences virtually and safely before risking social sanctions in the real world. As more transgender people are represented and included within the realm of mass culture, the stigma that is associated with being transgender can influence the decisions, ideas, and thoughts based upon it.

Media representation, culture industry , and social marginalization all hint at popular culture standards and the applicability and significance to mass culture as well. These terms play an important role in the formation of notions for those who have little recognition or knowledge of transgender people. Media depictions represent only a minuscule spectrum of the transgender group, [] which essentially conveys that those that are shown are the only interpretations and ideas society has of them.

However, in , the United States reached a "transgender tipping point", according to Time. Since then, the number of transgender portrayals across TV platforms has stayed elevated. International Transgender Day of Visibility is an annual holiday occurring on March 31 [] [] dedicated to celebrating transgender people and raising awareness of discrimination faced by transgender people worldwide. The holiday was founded by Michigan-based transgender activist [] Rachel Crandall in [] as a reaction to the lack of LGBT holidays celebrating transgender people, citing the frustration that the only well-known transgender-centered holiday was the Transgender Day of Remembrance which mourned the loss of transgender people to hate crimes, but did not acknowledge and celebrate living members of the transgender community.

Transgender Awareness Week , typically observed the second week of November, is a one-week celebration leading up to Transgender Day of Remembrance. The purpose of Transgender Awareness Week is to educate about transgender and gender non-conforming people and the issues associated with their transition or identity. TDOR serves a number of purposes:. Trans March describes annual marches, protests or gatherings that take place around the world, often taking place during the time of the local pride week.

These events are frequently organized by transgender communities to build community, address human rights struggles, and create visibility. A common symbol for the transgender community is the Transgender Pride flag , which was designed by the American transgender woman Monica Helms in , and was first shown at a pride parade in Phoenix, Arizona , United States in The flag consists of five horizontal stripes, two light blue, two pink, with a white stripe in the center. The light blue is the traditional color for baby boys, pink is for girls, and the white in the middle is for "those who are transitioning, those who feel they have a neutral gender or no gender", and those who are intersex.

The pattern is such that "no matter which way you fly it, it will always be correct. This symbolizes us trying to find correctness in our own lives. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Health care and medicine. Genderqueer , Bigender , and Androgyny. Drag king , Drag queen , and Faux queen. Legal recognition of non-binary gender. Transgender rights in Germany. Transgender rights in Canada. Transgender rights in the United States.

Transgender people and religion. Feminist views on transgender and transsexual people and Transfeminism. Part of this section is transcluded from Causes of transsexuality. National Coming Out Day. International Transgender Day of Visibility. Transgender Day of Remembrance. Transgender portal LGBT portal. Archived from the original on 4 June Retrieved 28 May In the edition of Clinical Sexuality: A Manual for the Physician and the Professions 3rd ed.

University of Michigan digitized Aug Archived from the original on However A Practical Handbook of Psychiatry references "transgender surgery" noting, "The transvestite rarely seeks transgender surgery, since the core of his perversion is an attempt to realize the fantasy of a phallic woman. A Practical Handbook of Psychiatry. University of Michigan, digitized August Archived from the original on 15 April Retrieved 28 June Oxford Textbook of Palliative Social Work.

Archived from the original on December 1, Retrieved April 12, Forsyth, Heith Copes Encyclopedia of Social Deviance. Social Work and Social Welfare: An umbrella term that describes people whose gender identity or gender expression differs from expectations associated with the sex assigned to them at birth.

National Transgender Discrimination Survey: Implications for Transgender Health Research". Archived from the original on August 8, Retrieved August 10, Archived PDF from the original on March 4, Retrieved March 28, Development and validation of the Transgender Congruence Scale". Psychology of Women Quarterly. National Center for Transgender Equality.

Archived from the original on 22 April Retrieved 20 April Transgender Experiences with Violence and Discrimination". American Journal of Public Health. Transsexual and Transgender Rights. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. Psychologically, the transsexual often differs from the simple cross-dresser; he is conscious at all times of a strong desire to be a woman, and the urge can be truly consuming. The Rhetorical Landscape of a term". A Journal of Rhetoric in Society.

The term transgender was coined by John Oliven and popularized by various transgender people who pioneered the concept and practice of transgenderism. It is sometimes said that Virginia Prince popularized the term, but history shows that many transgender people advocated the use of this term much more than Prince. Archived from the original on 7 April Archived from the original on 30 March Transgendered persons include transsexuals, transgenderists, and other crossdressers of both sexes, transitioning in either direction male to female or female to male , of any sexual orientation, and of all races, creeds, religions, ages, and degrees of physical impediment.

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Winter , pp. And That's a Good Thing". Retrieved 15 May The adjective transgender should never have an extraneous "-ed" tacked onto the end. An "-ed" suffix adds unnecessary length to the word and can cause tense confusion and grammatical errors. It also brings transgender into alignment with lesbian, gay, and bisexual.

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You would not say that Elton John is "gayed" or Ellen DeGeneres is "lesbianed," therefore you would not say Chaz Bono is "transgendered. Archived from the original on 14 August Retrieved 2 August Alegria, Transgender identity and health care: Implications for psychosocial and physical evaluation , in the Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners , volume 23, issue 4 , pages — Transsexual, Subset of transgenderism; persons who feel discordance between natal sex and identity Meyerowitz, As aforementioned, many transsexual individuals prefer the term transgender, or simply trans, as it is more inclusive and carries fewer stigmas.

There are some transsexual individuals[,] however, who reject the term transgender; these individuals view transsexualism as a treatable congenital condition. Archived from the original on 25 April Archived from the original on 12 April Archived from the original PDF on In Stryker and S. Archived from the original on 22 July Julian Press, page Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary. Someone who dresses in the clothes usually worn by the opposite sex. Archived September 27, , at the Wayback Machine.

Many say this term crossdresser is preferable to transvestite, which means the same thing Most feel cross-dresser is the preferred term The preferred term is 'cross-dresser', but the term 'transvestite' is still used in a positive sense in England International Journal of Transgenderism. Archived from the original on January 26, Retrieved December 16, Archived at the Wayback Machine. A survey of cross-dressers". Archives of Sexual Behavior.

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Fetishistic transvestism is distinguished from transsexual transvestism by its clear association with sexual arousal and the strong desire to remove the clothing once orgasm occurs and sexual arousal declines The paraphiliac focus of Transvestic Fetishism involves cross-dressing. Usually the male with Transvestic Fetishism keeps a collection of female clothes that he intermittently uses to cross-dress. While cross dressed, he usually masturbates It has become more and more clear that trans people come in more or less the same variety of sexual orientations as non-trans people For sexually mature individuals, the following specifiers may be noted based on the individual's sexual orientation: In addition, they supported counselors' need to adopt a transpositive disposition to counseling and to actively advocate for transgendered persons Archived from the original on 10 July Retrieved 15 July Archived PDF from the original on 9 December Retrieved 6 March Answers to 5 key questions".

Archived from the original on 20 December Retrieved 18 December Counselor Education and Supervision. Transgender client experiences with mental health services". Journal of Feminist Family Therapy. Archived from the original PDF on 3 March Retrieved 30 November More people regret sex change and want to 'detransition', surgeon says".

Retrieved 2 October Miroslav Djordjevic says more people, particularly transgender women over 30, are asking for reversal surgery, yet their regrets remain taboo. Providing trainings to increase cultural and clinical competence for transgender and gender-nonconforming patients and clients".

Sexuality Research and Social Policy. Transsexualism will no longer be classified as a mental illness in France". Archived from the original PDF on October 8, Retrieved October 9, This critique for the use of the term sex change in connection to sex reassignment surgery stems from the concern about the patient, to take the patient seriously Juang, Richard; Minter, Shannon Price eds. Archived from the original on June 17, Retrieved June 16, Archived from the original on December 12, Archived from the original on May 18, Retrieved May 19, Archived from the original on August 10, Retrieved August 9, Transgender people 'can't serve' in US military".

Archived from the original on July 29, Retrieved 15 April The Times of India. Transgender Practices of Identity, Intimacy and Care. Identity Concordance, Transition, Rearing, and Orientation". Retrieved 14 June Archived from the original on 1 September Retrieved 2 September Archived from the original on 30 June Retrieved 30 June Archived PDF from the original on The Lao Kathoey's characteristics appear to be similar to other transgenders in the region Archived February 28, , at the Wayback Machine.

He shows me the book in Arabic in which, 41 years ago, Ayatollah Khomeini wrote about new medical issues like transsexuality. The Ayatollah's ruling that sex-change operations were allowed has been reconfirmed by Iran's current spiritual leader Translated by Hasegawa, K. The Gurung people of western Nepal have a tradition of men called maarunis, who dance in female clothes Among the Bugis of South Sulawesi, possibly four genders are acknowledged plus a fifth para-gender identity. In addition to male-men oroane and female-women makunrai