SEE & CONTROL DEMONS & PAINS: FROM MY EYES, SENSES AND THEORIES BOOK 2

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Alexa Actionable Analytics for the Web. AmazonGlobal Ship Orders Internationally. Amazon Inspire Digital Educational Resources. He argued that good work with dreams takes both into account and comes up with a balanced viewpoint. He believed that many of the symbols or images from these dreams return with each dream. Jung believed that memories formed throughout the day also play a role in dreaming. These memories leave impressions for the unconscious to deal with when the ego is at rest.

The unconscious mind re-enacts these glimpses of the past in the form of a dream. Jung called this a day residue. Fritz Perls presented his theory of dreams as part of the holistic nature of Gestalt therapy. Dreams are seen as projections of parts of the self that have been ignored, rejected, or suppressed. Perls expanded this point of view to say that even inanimate objects in the dream may represent aspects of the dreamer. The dreamer may, therefore, be asked to imagine being an object in the dream and to describe it, in order to bring into awareness the characteristics of the object that correspond with the dreamer's personality.

Accumulated observation has shown that dreams are strongly associated with REM rapid eye movement sleep , during which an electroencephalogram EEG shows brain activity that, among sleep states, is most like wakefulness. Participant-remembered dreams during NREM sleep are normally more mundane in comparison.

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During REM sleep, the release of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine , serotonin and histamine is completely suppressed. During most dreams, the person dreaming is not aware that they are dreaming, no matter how absurd or eccentric the dream is. The reason for this may be that the prefrontal cortex , the region of the brain responsible for logic and planning, exhibits decreased activity during dreams.

This allows the dreamer to more actively interact with the dream without thinking about what might happen, since things that would normally stand out in reality blend in with the dream scenery. When REM sleep episodes were timed for their duration and subjects were awakened to make reports before major editing or forgetting of their dreams could take place, subjects accurately reported the length of time they had been dreaming in an REM sleep state.

Some researchers have speculated that " time dilation " effects only seem to be taking place upon reflection and do not truly occur within dreams. REM sleep episodes and the dreams that accompany them lengthen progressively through the night, with the first episode being shortest, of approximately 10—12 minutes duration, and the second and third episodes increasing to 15—20 minutes. Dreams at the end of the night may last as long as 15 minutes, although these may be experienced as several distinct episodes due to momentary arousals interrupting sleep as the night ends. The increase in the ability to recall dreams appears related to intensification across the night in the vividness of dream imagery, colors, and emotions.

REM sleep and the ability to dream seem to be embedded in the biology of many animals in addition to humans. Scientific research suggests that all mammals experience REM. Studies have observed signs of dreaming in all mammals studied, including monkeys, dogs, cats, rats, elephants, and shrews. There have also been signs of dreaming in birds and reptiles. Scientific research results regarding the function of dreaming in animals remain disputable; however, the function of sleeping in living organisms is increasingly clear.

For example, sleep deprivation experiments conducted on rats and other animals have resulted in the deterioration of physiological functioning and actual tissue damage. Some scientists argue that humans dream for the same reason other amniotes do. From a Darwinian perspective dreams would have to fulfill some kind of biological requirement, provide some benefit for natural selection to take place, or at least have no negative impact on fitness.

In Antti Revonsuo, a professor at the University of Turku in Finland, claimed that centuries ago dreams would prepare humans for recognizing and avoiding danger by presenting a simulation of threatening events. The theory has therefore been called the threat-simulation theory. Allan Hobson and Robert McCarley proposed a new theory that changed dream research, challenging the previously held Freudian view of dreams as unconscious wishes to be interpreted.

They assume that the same structures that induce REM sleep also generate sensory information. Hobson's research suggested that the signals interpreted as dreams originate in the brainstem during REM sleep. According to Hobson and other researchers, circuits in the brainstem are activated during REM sleep.

Once these circuits are activated, areas of the limbic system involved in emotions, sensations, and memories, including the amygdala and hippocampus, become active. The brain synthesizes and interprets these activities; for example, changes in the physical environment such as temperature and humidity, or physical stimuli such as ejaculation, and attempts to create meaning from these signals, result in dreaming. However, research by Mark Solms suggests that dreams are generated in the forebrain , and that REM sleep and dreaming are not directly related.

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He began to question patients about their dreams and confirmed that patients with damage to the parietal lobe stopped dreaming; this finding was in line with Hobson's theory. However, Solms did not encounter cases of loss of dreaming with patients having brainstem damage. This observation forced him to question Hobson's prevailing theory, which marked the brainstem as the source of the signals interpreted as dreams.

Combining Hobson's activation synthesis hypothesis with Solms' findings, the continual-activation theory of dreaming presented by Jie Zhang proposes that dreaming is a result of brain activation and synthesis; at the same time, dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms. Zhang hypothesizes that the function of sleep is to process, encode, and transfer the data from the temporary memory store to the long-term memory store.

During NREM sleep the conscious-related memory declarative memory is processed, and during REM sleep the unconscious related memory procedural memory is processed. Zhang assumes that during REM sleep the unconscious part of a brain is busy processing the procedural memory; meanwhile, the level of activation in the conscious part of the brain descends to a very low level as the inputs from the sensory systems are basically disconnected.

This triggers the "continual-activation" mechanism to generate a data stream from the memory stores to flow through the conscious part of the brain. Zhang suggests that this pulse-like brain activation is the inducer of each dream. He proposes that, with the involvement of the brain associative thinking system, dreaming is, thereafter, self-maintained with the dreamer's own thinking until the next pulse of memory insertion. This explains why dreams have both characteristics of continuity within a dream and sudden changes between two dreams. According to Tsoukalas REM sleep is an evolutionary transformation of a well-known defensive mechanism, the tonic immobility reflex.

This reflex, also known as animal hypnosis or death feigning, functions as the last line of defense against an attacking predator and consists of the total immobilization of the animal: Tsoukalas claims that the neurophysiology and phenomenology of this reaction shows striking similarities to REM sleep, a fact that suggests a deep evolutionary kinship.

For example, both reactions exhibit brainstem control, paralysis, hippocampal theta and thermoregulatory changes. Tsoukalas claims that this theory integrates many earlier findings into a unified framework. Eugen Tarnow suggests that dreams are ever-present excitations of long-term memory , even during waking life. During waking life an executive function interprets long-term memory consistent with reality checking.

Tarnow's theory is a reworking of Freud's theory of dreams in which Freud's unconscious is replaced with the long-term memory system and Freud's "Dream Work" describes the structure of long-term memory. A study showed evidence that illogical locations, characters, and dream flow may help the brain strengthen the linking and consolidation of semantic memories. Increasing levels of the stress hormone cortisol late in sleep often during REM sleep causes this decreased communication.

One stage of memory consolidation is the linking of distant but related memories. Payne and Nadal hypothesize these memories are then consolidated into a smooth narrative, similar to a process that happens when memories are created under stress. By the dream work, incomplete material is either removed suppressed or deepened and included into memory.

Robert's ideas were cited repeatedly by Freud in his Die Traumdeutung. Hughlings Jackson viewed that sleep serves to sweep away unnecessary memories and connections from the day. This was revised in by Crick and Mitchison's " reverse learning " theory, which states that dreams are like the cleaning-up operations of computers when they are off-line, removing suppressing parasitic nodes and other "junk" from the mind during sleep. Coutts [77] describes dreams as playing a central role in a two-phase sleep process that improves the mind's ability to meet human needs during wakefulness.

During the accommodation phase, mental schemas self-modify by incorporating dream themes. During the emotional selection phase, dreams test prior schema accommodations. Those that appear adaptive are retained, while those that appear maladaptive are culled. The cycle maps to the sleep cycle, repeating several times during a typical night's sleep.

Alfred Adler suggested that dreams are often emotional preparations for solving problems, intoxicating an individual away from common sense toward private logic. The residual dream feelings may either reinforce or inhibit contemplated action. Numerous theories state that dreaming is a random by-product of REM sleep physiology and that it does not serve any natural purpose. He believes that the substance of dreams have no significant influence on waking actions, and most people go about their daily lives perfectly well without remembering their dreams.

In , however, Hobson published a book, Thirteen Dreams that Freud Never Had , [81] in which he analyzed his own dreams after having a stroke in The book illustrates how dreams show our most compelling concerns and how they can be used to make sense of the most difficult life situations. Hobson proposed the activation-synthesis theory, which states that "there is a randomness of dream imagery and the randomness synthesizes dream-generated images to fit the patterns of internally generated stimulations".

The activation-synthesis theory hypothesizes that the peculiar nature of dreams is attributed to certain parts of the brain trying to piece together a story out of what is essentially bizarre information. However, evolutionary psychologists believe dreams serve some adaptive function for survival. Deirdre Barrett describes dreaming as simply "thinking in different biochemical state" and believes people continue to work on all the same problems—personal and objective—in that state.

Finnish psychologist Antti Revonsuo posits that dreams have evolved for "threat simulation" exclusively. According to the Threat Simulation Theory he proposes, during much of human evolution physical and interpersonal threats were serious, giving reproductive advantage to those who survived them. Therefore, dreaming evolved to replicate these threats and continually practice dealing with them. In support of this theory, Revonsuo shows that contemporary dreams comprise much more threatening events than people meet in daily non-dream life, and the dreamer usually engages appropriately with them.

According to Tsoukalas the biology of dreaming is related to the reactive patterns elicited by predatorial encounters especially the tonic immobility reflex , a fact that lends support to evolutionary theories claiming that dreams specialize in threat avoidance or emotional processing. There are many other hypotheses about the function of dreams, including: From the s to , Calvin S. Hall collected more than 50, dream reports at Western Reserve University.

In Hall and Van De Castle published The Content Analysis of Dreams , in which they outlined a coding system to study 1, dream reports from college students. The visual nature of dreams is generally highly phantasmagoric; that is, different locations and objects continuously blend into each other. Some dreams may even tell elaborate stories wherein the dreamer enters entirely new, complex worlds and awakes with ideas, thoughts and feelings never experienced prior to the dream.

People who are blind from birth do not have visual dreams. Their dream contents are related to other senses like auditory , touch , smell and taste , whichever are present since birth. In the Hall study, the most common emotion experienced in dreams was anxiety. Other emotions included abandonment , anger , fear , joy , and happiness.

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Negative emotions were much more common than positive ones. These are colloquially known as wet dreams. A small minority of people say that they dream only in black and white. There is evidence that certain medical conditions normally only neurological conditions can impact dreams. For instance, some people with synesthesia have never reported entirely black-and-white dreaming, and often have a difficult time imagining the idea of dreaming in only black and white.

Dream interpretation can be a result of subjective ideas and experiences. One study [8] found that most people believe that "their dreams reveal meaningful hidden truths". This Freudian view of dreaming was endorsed significantly more than theories of dreaming that attribute dream content to memory consolidation, problem-solving, or random brain activity. In the paper, Morewedge and Norton also found that people attribute more importance to dream content than to similar thought content that occurs while they are awake.

In one study, Americans were more likely to report that they would miss their flight if they dreamt of their plane crashing than if they thought of their plane crashing the night before flying while awake , and that they would be as likely to miss their flight if they dreamt of their plane crashing the night before their flight as if there was an actual plane crash on the route they intended to take.

Participants in their studies were more likely to perceive dreams to be meaningful when the content of dreams was in accordance with their beliefs and desires while awake. People were more likely to view a positive dream about a friend to be meaningful than a positive dream about someone they disliked, for example, and were more likely to view a negative dream about a person they disliked as meaningful than a negative dream about a person they liked.

Therapy for recurring nightmares often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder can include imagining alternative scenarios that could begin at each step of the dream. During the night, many external stimuli may bombard the senses, but the brain often interprets the stimulus and makes it a part of a dream to ensure continued sleep. The mind can, however, awaken an individual if they are in danger or if trained to respond to certain sounds, such as a baby crying.

The term "dream incorporation" is also used in research examining the degree to which preceding daytime events become elements of dreams. Recent studies suggest that events in the day immediately preceding, and those about a week before, have the most influence.

According to surveys, it is common for people to feel their dreams are predicting subsequent life events. In one experiment, subjects were asked to write down their dreams in a diary. This prevented the selective memory effect, and the dreams no longer seemed accurate about the future. This diary described events from the person's life, as well as some predictive dreams and some non-predictive dreams.

When subjects were asked to recall the dreams they had read, they remembered more of the successful predictions than unsuccessful ones. Lucid dreaming is the conscious perception of one's state while dreaming. In this state the dreamer may often have some degree of control over their own actions within the dream or even the characters and the environment of the dream. Dream control has been reported to improve with practiced deliberate lucid dreaming, but the ability to control aspects of the dream is not necessary for a dream to qualify as "lucid" — a lucid dream is any dream during which the dreamer knows they are dreaming.

Oneironaut is a term sometimes used for those who lucidly dream. In , psychologist Keith Hearne successfully recorded a communication from a dreamer experiencing a lucid dream. On April 12, , after agreeing to move his eyes left and right upon becoming lucid, the subject and Hearne's co-author on the resulting article, Alan Worsley, successfully carried out this task.

Communication between two dreamers has also been documented. The processes involved included EEG monitoring, ocular signaling, incorporation of reality in the form of red light stimuli and a coordinating website. The website tracked when both dreamers were dreaming and sent the stimulus to one of the dreamers where it was incorporated into the dream. This dreamer, upon becoming lucid, signaled with eye movements; this was detected by the website whereupon the stimulus was sent to the second dreamer, invoking incorporation into this dream.

Dreams of absent-minded transgression DAMT are dreams wherein the dreamer absentmindedly performs an action that he or she has been trying to stop one classic example is of a quitting smoker having dreams of lighting a cigarette. Subjects who have had DAMT have reported waking with intense feelings of guilt. One study found a positive association between having these dreams and successfully stopping the behavior. The recollection of dreams is extremely unreliable, though it is a skill that can be trained.

Dreams can usually be recalled if a person is awakened while dreaming. As he sees, thousands of demons are residing in our houses around us. According to him, demons cannot perform any physical activity by themselves. He explains that, by nature, demons are very arrogant and extremely negative.

The author suggested several practical ideas, procedures, and theories for common people, medical and modern science, how they can learn and handle demons, pains, painless diseases, and insects responsible for cancer, by themselves. The author is percent sure that after reading his books, everyone will be aware and will be able to control the invisible parallel world around them. In this book, he writes clear instructions for individuals, how they can communicate and interact with the demons around them, how to make demons around them their friends, and how to ask demons to do some stuff for them.

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