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These infoldings contain a high quantity of mitochondria. The nucleus of the dark cell is displaced toward the surface.
These infoldings contain a high quantity of mitochondria. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Many species with recent studies done on dogs are affected by balance disorders and hearing problems that can be caused by a problem in the dark-cell areas in the vestibular endorgans. Previous article Dumpstaphunk set to phunk up Bluesfest Then came the Frost-Spirits, and beneath their cold wings the flowers died, while the Spirits bore Violet to a low, dark cell , saying as they left her, that their King was angry that she had dared to stay when he had bid her go. Corresponding author and reprints:
Vestibular dark cells transport potassium into the inner ear endolymph , a potassium-rich fluid whose homeostasis is essential for hearing and balance. Dark cell regions of the vestibular system are involved in active energy consuming ion transport to maintain the unusual endolymph composition. Na-K-Cl cotransporter is the therapeutic target of action for loop diuretics in the kidney and loop diuretics have rapid, acute ototoxic side effects through an action on the co-transporter in vestibular dark cells.
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These acute ototoxic side effects inhibit ion transport resulting in accumulation of ions in the extracellular space leading to edema. As a result, mutations in the KCNE1 gene disrupt endolymph production in the vestibular system, leading to the collapse of the epithelia of the roof of the utricle, saccule and ampullae, as well as dysfunction of the vestibular sensory organs. Many species with recent studies done on dogs are affected by balance disorders and hearing problems that can be caused by a problem in the dark-cell areas in the vestibular endorgans.
Studies researching damaged dark cells due to genetic abnormalities or therapeutics are very important in attempting to understand the onset and mechanism of said balance impairments.
Dogs have been used as models due to similarities between humans and dogs with regards to inner ear size, inner ear lesions and susceptibility to ototoxins. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Dark cell Anatomical terminology [ edit on Wikidata ]. Retrieved 8 August In some ears, the dark cells had swollen cytoplasm and nuclei, but these changes were not significant between groups. The number of dark cells showed a decline with increasing age in the normal control group Figure 2.
It has been reported that the structure and distribution of dark cells are the same in all 3 semicircular canals. For this reason, in our study we evaluated the dark cells in the crista of the lateral or posterior semicircular canals depending on which crista was sectioned more closely perpendicular to its axis. Dark cells show several enzyme activities and are involved in the regulation of endolymph. In our study, we evaluated the toxic effects of gentamicin and other aminoglycosides on the dark cells of the vestibule in a very select group of patients. We observed that the number and appearance of dark cells were similar in normal temporal bones and in temporal bones from patients with clinical histories of aminoglycoside use.
Although the mechanisms of the drugs are not clear, vestibular hair cell damage can play the primary role in the treatment of the disease. We are aware that the number of the patients is small. This study was limited as to the dosage, frequency, and duration of aminoglycoside therapy, because the material of the study was archival human temporal bones. Therefore, it is likely that the treatment period may have been too short to destroy the dark cells.
The therapeutic dosage and frequency should be taken into further consideration. To conclude, the long-term administration of these drugs at high dosages and frequencies may be necessary to obtain a permanent result.
Corresponding author and reprints: WB Saunders Co; Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol.
Academic Press Inc; Privacy Policy Terms of Use. Schachern, BS ; Michael M.
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