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Die Odyssee des Carlo Goldoni: Examples a severe, deterrent, exemplary, draconian, severe, just, sensitive, cruel, deserved, slight, mild punishment, a judicial, disciplinary punishment corporal punishment the penalty was lenient, this offense was punishable by imposing punishment on someone they were punishable by punishment they were partially punished, suspended, postponed, exacerbated, exterminated, executed, sentenced, sentenced, and sentenced to punishment , he does not escape his punishment he felt this work was a punishment something is forbidden on punishment something is under punishment something punishable punishable to a punishment to punishment she was not allowed to go to the cinema with: Synonyms and antonyms of Strafe in the German dictionary of synonyms.
Examples of use in the German literature, quotes and news about Strafe. Wer schreckliche Dinge getan hat, muss eine angemessene Strafe bekommen. Nicht dem Menschen, der Gottheit nur geziemt die Rach' und Strafe.
Auch Erfolg wird bestraft. Heinz Schoech, who is celebrating his 70th birthday on 20 August , is one of the most respected German criminal law experts and criminologists. Originally presented as the author's thesis doctoral --Univ. Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr im Fachbereich Ethik, Note: At the same time, it was claimed that National Socialist policies were supported by the wide majority of the people.
However, in addition, it was necessary that the people develop an understanding of "the political process" which reinforced the exclusion of Jews from German society. The competition between the two ideologies of integration, which was criticized by the authorities responsible for steering the press, may be the point of departure for a critique of the view held by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen of the dominance of an eliminatory antisemitism. In any case, it is doubtful whether one can speak of an "acceptance" of this ideology in the political consciousness of the people.
In my opinion, doubts about whether this ideology was accepted are indeed valid, because while insisting that the anti-Jewish policy be accepted - one could also say, while courting the self-image of the Germans as an "antisemitic people" - only the liberal and national conservative elite were being addressed. Or, to put it in the words of the NSK: Other social groups, above all the working class, were not mentioned at all, although in this circle, too, only limited approval of an eliminatory antisemitism could be expected.
After 9 November, however, the policy pursued regarding German Jews was certainly intended to be eliminationist. The press campaign in the winter of coincided with the redirecting of propaganda efforts towards the immediate preparation for war after the Munich conference, which would have suggested to the leaders of the NSDAP that antisemitic activities be intensified. By introducing historical and regional dimensions, the campaign revitalized the traditions of German antisemitism with a high degree of urgency. It openly pronounced relentlessness and harshness.
The purpose of this turn in the campaign was to confront the Germans with their national history and to force them to acknowledge this history - to acknowledge it as their own historical and national identity, and at the same time acknowledge antisemitism in its barbaric variant, that is, eliminationist antisemitism. With this new clarity of concepts and language - but also with the clarity of the interpretation of history and its praise for the barbarity of the pogroms in Germany during the Middle Ages - it was consistent that, ultimately, Hitler would openly pronounce the future prospects for the Jews.
Herbert Obenaus ,The Germans: Skip to main content. Yad Vashem is closed on Saturdays and all Jewish Holidays. Drive to Yad Vashem: For more Visiting Information click here. The Press Campaign After 9 November It was published in with the publisher's information, "Commissioned by Wilhelm Weiss responsible for the reports from the Reichspressestelle: The editor-in-chief responsible for the remaining contents was Helmut Suendermann.
Deputy editor-in-chief was Wilhelm Ritgen. I would like to thank Rebecca L. Bramsted, Goebbels und die nationalsozialistische Propaganda , Frankfurt am Main, , pp. After , the branches of the Ministry of Propaganda were called Reichspropagandaaemter ; before that they were called Landesstellen. Refer to Kurt Koszyk, Deutsche Presse Abhandlungen und Materialien zur Publizistik , Berlin, , vol. For the steering of the press during the pogrom itself, refer to: Von der "Reichskristallnacht" zum Voelkermord , Walter H. Die Juden in Deutschland Leben unter nationalsozialistischer Herrschaft , 3rd edition, Wolfgang Benz, ed.
Minutes of a meeting held in the Reich Ministry of Aviation on 12 November Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militaergerichtshof, November - 1. Two further "strategy conferences" of National Socialist leaders in the subsequent weeks were concerned with the continuation of the policies against German Jews; see Wolf Gruner, "Lesen brauchen sie nicht zu koennen Motive - Texte - Materialien , Karlsruhe, Berndt, born in , was appointed head of the department in April When it was divided into domestic and foreign departments in April , Berndt headed the domestic department until Hans Fritzsche, born in , became his successor in December ; see Koszyk, Deutsche Presse , p.
Ziegler, born in , frequently wrote articles on contemporary history. From to he worked for the Reichszentrale fuer Heimatdienst and was a member of the Deutsche Volkspartei. In he was appointed honorary professor for modern - specifically postwar - history in the Department of Foreign Sciences of the University of Berlin.
The spokesmen's expositions have been very well documented. On the one hand, there is the report on the press conference written and signed by Kurt Metger of the German News Office. On the other hand, there is the telex sent by the Berlin office of the Frankfurter Zeitung to the head office in Frankfurt: This topic is again taken up in the press conference of 19 November. A telex was also sent in this regard: In the following, I rely in particular on Metger, who wrote coherent reports.
The shorter and less precise wording of the telex is only mentioned to supplement the reports. For the records, see NS-Presseweisungen der Vorkiegszeit. Edition und Dokumentation , Hans Bohrmann, ed. The press directives for , which have not yet been published, go into more detail about Kurz Metger; compare ibid. Incidentally, I would like to thank Ms. Toepser-Ziegert for her friendly advice and support. In addition to the press directives from 17 and 19 November extracted from archives, I have also cited press directives from the subsequent weeks as they appear in Hagemann, Presselenkung.
For details on the special role of the Frankfurter Zeitung during the Nazi period see Bramsted, Goebbels , pp. In this regard he referred to one of his own publications: The 4th edition was published in See footnote 9, above, for information on the institute. Historisch-Politische Aufsaetze , Hamburg, , as well as to J.
Vierjahresplan des Fuehrers , 5th and 6th edition, Munich, , which contained a "lot of material on the Jews in Germany. The Helmstedter Kreisblatt published an article on this topic on 11 August Hagemann, Presselenkung , p. Taken from Joseph Goebbels' diaries. Entry of 17 November Saemtliche Fragmente , part 1, vol. Froehlich, Tagebuecher , p. After this date, Goebbels no longer mentioned the "campaign against the Jews" in his journals. Die Reihen fest geschlossen. Die "Endloesung" und die Deutschen.
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Eine Berichtigung , Berlin, , pp. Wording of the telex. The rioting associated with the pogrom "continued until 13 November in some places. Two days prior to that, an interview on the same subject had been granted to a representative of Reuter, Joseph Wulf, Presse und Funk im Dritten Reich. Eine Dokumentation , Frankfurt am Main, , p. Repeated during the press conference of 18 November On this occasion, the Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger is praised for having published an article the previous day on "English colonial methods.
A call for describing in detail the antisemitism of other governments had already appeared in a press directive dated 17 May , Hagemann, Presselenkung , p. There is no date for this issue. It either appeared with no. Series Der Prozess gegen die Hauptkriegsverbrecher vor dem Internationalen Militaergerichtshof 32, Nuremberg, , pp. Circular directive by the Foreign Office to its agencies abroad, 25 January For more information on his career with the Foreign Office see, Akten zur deutschen auswaertigen Politik The close link to the practice of expelling the Jews is evident by the direct reference made to the looting of the Jews before their expulsion as beneficial to foreign policy.
Antisemitismus und Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich , Munich, , pp. Compare Allen, Deutsche Oeffentlichkeit , p. Fritzsche announced that the special issue would be "published somewhat later than usual and only be finished in the course of the morning. The contributors to the special issue were listed on the last page; however, the individual articles are not expressly attributed to them with the exception of the article written by J[oerg] R[ehoff], p.
The NSK issue no. Central in this regard are the articles: See Heiber, Walter Frank , pp. According to Heiber, attendance "was unusually high, considering this was a scientific lecture series. For more on the travelling exhibition, which was also shown in Dresden on 24 March after shows in Munich, Vienna, Berlin and Bremen, see: Victor Klemperer, Ich will Zeugnis ablegen bis zum letzten.
Tagebuecher , 5th edition, Berlin, , p. The poster announcing the exhibition appears in: Wir schritten durch eine schweigende Stadt. Press conference of 22 November Berndt reported on the Minister's dissatisfaction. In general, Martin Luther was very useful. Von der Judenfeindschaft zum Holocaust , Herbert A. Strauss and Norbert Kampe, eds.
A later article can presumably be attributed to a suggestion by the Ministry of Propaganda: In Deutschland steldie Juden 73 v. This continued with a collective report under the heading: Judenaustreibungen in alter Zeit - Unschuldig verfolgt? Nein - schuldig geworden!
For the historical context showing a case of antisemitic journalism in see: Ein notwendiger Dialog , Peter Antes et al.
Hans Mauersberg, born in , received his doctorate from the University of Berlin.