At Variance. The Churchs argument against Homosexual Conduct.

History of same-sex unions

---

In January, , Morningside Monthly Meeting of the Society of Friends became the first Quaker Meeting to take a same-sex marriage using the word marriage, rather than "commitment ceremony" under its care with the marriage of Reyson Ame and William McCann on May 30, Hodges that marriage is a fundamental right and must be extended to same-sex couples. Names for the registered, formal, or solemnized combination of same-sex partners have included " domestic partnership ", " civil union ", " marriage ", " registered partnership ", " reciprocal beneficiary ", and " same-sex union ".

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Same-sex marriage , History of human sexuality , and Timeline of same-sex marriage. Armenia Israel Mexico 1 Netherlands 2. Same-sex union legislation Same-sex union court cases Timeline of same-sex marriage Recognition of same-sex unions in Africa Recognition of same-sex unions in Asia Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe Recognition of same-sex unions in the Americas Recognition of same-sex unions in Oceania Marriage privatization Divorce of same-sex couples Domestic partnership Military policy Adoption Listings by country.

Homosexuality in ancient Rome and Homosexuality in ancient Greece. Recognition of same-sex unions in Europe. Same-sex marriage in Canada. Same-sex marriage in the United States. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. September Learn how and when to remove this template message.

Accessibility links

This article possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. The origins and role of same-sex relations in human societies.

Homosexuality in the Ancient World. Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China.

BBC News Navigation

Reed Business Information, Inc. Sexual variance in society and history. Passions of the Cut Sleeve. University of California Press. Iwata, The Love of the Samurai: Pederasty was an ethical crux for the Greeks, even as homosexuality in general is an ethical and political crux in the present day. Its practitioners were often apologetic, its opponents censorious or derisive. Compare Ulpian Tituli Ulpiani 5. Roman citizens have conubium with Roman citizens, but with Latins and foreigners only if the privilege was granted. There is no conubium with slaves"; compare also Gaius Institutionum 1: But other, non-Christian traditions in Roman society—Stoicism, Neo-Platonism and Manicheanism—similarly urged that "intercourse was supposed to take place only so as to produce children.

The couple must not make love for the sake of pleasure alone. All persons who have the shameful custom of condemning a man's body, acting the part of a woman's to the sufferance of alien sex for they appear not to be different from women , shall expiate a crime of this kind in avenging flames in the sight of the people.

While the statute [that prohibited same-sex marriage in ancient Rome] reinforces the impression that same-sex marriages were not uncommon in the Roman Empire, it also evidences an anxiety about same-sex unions that antedated the 4th century. At the end of the 2nd century, for example, Plutarch's Moralia included a dialogue filled with invective both for and against same-sex relationships, suggesting that their propriety was a matter of some controversy. A subsequent anonymous dialogue entitled Affairs of the Heart was sympathetic to same-sex relationships but sharply distinguished them from marriage.

Journal of Modern History. Archived from the original on 5 March Retrieved 1 March In Jodi O'Brien, ed. Archived from the original on 16 February Retrieved 16 February Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender history. In journalism In policing History of same-sex unions Queer erasure Bisexual. Sudan Kenya Niger Uganda. Australia New Zealand Nauru. Honduras Brazil Chile Peru. In the United States. In the United States legal history. Surgery In the United States.

Lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender LGBT topics. Gender identities Sexual identities Sexual diversities. Asexual Bisexual Heterosexual Homosexual. Gender and Sexual Diversity Erotic target location error Gender roles Human female sexuality Human male sexuality Sexuality and gender identity-based cultures Intersex Hermaphrodite. Rights and legal issues. Biology Birth order Demographics Environment Heterosexual—homosexual continuum Homosexuality and psychology Kinsey scale Klein Grid Neuroscience Prenatal hormones Sexual inversion Sexual orientation change efforts Conversion therapy Sexual orientation identity Timeline of sexual orientation and medicine.

Social attitudes Prejudice Violence. Retrieved from " https: CS1 Galician-language sources gl Use dmy dates from June All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from June Articles with unsourced statements from October Articles with unsourced statements from May Articles containing potentially dated statements from December All articles containing potentially dated statements Articles containing potentially dated statements from Articles needing additional references from September All articles needing additional references Articles that may contain original research from September All articles that may contain original research.

Views Read Edit View history. Languages Italiano Edit links. Fitness to serve should be based on an individual's conduct, not their sexual orientation. Mundy defended the implementation of DADT against what he called the "politicization" of the issue by both Clintons. He also argued against any change in the policy, writing in the New York Times: Opponents of the policy focused on punishing harassment in the military rather than the policy itself, which Sen. Chuck Hagel defended on December The principal candidates for the Democratic presidential nomination in , Al Gore and Bill Bradley , both endorsed military service by open gays and lesbians, provoking opposition from high-ranking retired military officers, notably the recently retired commandant of the Marine Corps, Gen.

He and others objected to Gore's statement that he would use support for ending DADT as a "litmus test" when considering candidates for the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Bush in , observers expected him to avoid any changes to DADT, since his nominee for Secretary of State Colin Powell had participated in its creation. In July the American Psychological Association issued a statement that DADT "discriminates on the basis of sexual orientation" and that "Empirical evidence fails to show that sexual orientation is germane to any aspect of military effectiveness including unit cohesion, morale, recruitment and retention.

Army Forces Command spokesperson said the regulation was intended to prevent Reservists and National Guard members from pretending to be gay to escape combat. We should not be training people who are not eligible to be in the Armed Forces. The commission report stated that the GAO did not take into account the value the military lost from the departures. They are promoting an agenda to normalize homosexuality in America using the military as a battering ram to promote that broader agenda. Patrick Guerriero, executive director of Log Cabin, thought the repeal movement was gaining "new traction" but "Ultimately", said, "we think it's going to take a Republican with strong military credentials to make a shift in the policy.

John Warner, who backed DADT, said "I respectfully, but strongly, disagree with the chairman's view that homosexuality is immoral", and Pace expressed regret for expressing his personal views and said that DADT "does not make a judgment about the morality of individual acts. When I first heard [the phrase], I thought it sounded silly and I just dismissed it and said, well, that can't possibly work. Well, I sure was wrong.

It's been in place now for over a decade. The military says it's working and they don't want to change it We're in the middle of a conflict right now. I would not change it. That summer, after U. In November , 28 retired generals and admirals urged Congress to repeal the policy, citing evidence that 65, gay men and women were serving in the armed forces and that there were over a million gay veterans.

Presbyterian Church in Ireland votes against gay membership

On May 4, , while Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral Mike Mullen addressed the graduating cadets at West Point , a cadet asked what would happen if the next administration were supportive of legislation allowing gays to serve openly. In May , when a committee of military law experts at the Palm Center , an anti-DADT research institute, concluded that the President could issue an Executive Order to suspend homosexual conduct discharges, [] Obama rejected that option and said he wanted Congress to change the law.

On July 5, , Colin Powell told CNN said that the policy was "correct for the time" but that "sixteen years have now gone by, and I think a lot has changed with respect to attitudes within our country, and therefore I think this is a policy and a law that should be reviewed. At a time when we're fighting two conflicts there is a great deal of pressure on our forces and their families. In October , the Commission on Military Justice, known as the Cox Commission , repeated its recommendation that Article of the Uniform Code of Military Justice, which bans sodomy, be repealed, noting that "most acts of consensual sodomy committed by consenting military personnel are not prosecuted, creating a perception that prosecution of this sexual behavior is arbitrary.

In January , the White House and congressional officials started work on repealing the ban by inserting language into the defense authorization bill. At a February 2, , congressional hearing, Senator John McCain read from a letter signed by "over one thousand former general and flag officers". They said that among those signing the letter were officers who had no knowledge of their inclusion or who had refused to be included, and even one instance of a general's widow who signed her husband's name to the letter though he had died before the survey was published.

The average age of the officers whose names were listed as signing the letter was 74, the oldest was 98, and Servicemembers United noted that "only a small fraction of these officers have even served in the military during the 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' period, much less in the 21st century military. The Center for American Progress issued a report in March that said a smooth implementation of an end to DADT required eight specified changes to the military's internal regulations.

The underlying justifications for DADT have been subjected to increasing suspicion and outright rejection by the early 21st century. Mounting evidence obtained from the integration efforts of foreign militaries, surveys of U. The DoD working group conducting the study considered the impact that lifting the ban would have on unit cohesion and effectiveness, good order and discipline, and military morale.

The study included a survey that revealed significant differences between respondents who believed they had served with homosexual troops and those who did not believe they had. In analyzing such data, the DoD working group concluded that it was actually generalized perceptions of homosexual troops that led to the perceived unrest that would occur without DADT. Ultimately, the study deemed the overall risk to military effectiveness of lifting the ban to be low.

Citing the ability of the armed forces to adjust to the previous integration of African-Americans and women, the DoD study asserted that the United States military could adjust as had it before in history without an impending serious effect. In March , Rep. It aimed "to amend title 10, United States Code, to enhance the readiness of the Armed Forces by replacing the current policy concerning homosexuality in the Armed Forces, referred to as 'Don't ask, don't tell,' with a policy of nondiscrimination on the basis of sexual orientation".

During the presidential election campaign, Senator Barack Obama advocated a full repeal of the laws barring gays and lesbians from serving in the military. On May 27, , on a — vote, [] the U. It provided for repeal of the DADT policy and created a process for lifting the policy, including a U. Department of Defense study and certification by key officials that the change in policy would not harm military readiness followed by a waiting period of 60 days. United States , against the Department of Defense in November seeking full compensation for those discharged under the policy.

Across all service branches, 30 percent thought that integrating gays into the military would have negative consequences. In the Marine Corps and combat specialties, the percentage with that negative assessment ranged from 40 to 60 percent. The CRWG also said that 69 percent of all those surveyed believed they had already worked with a gay or lesbian and of those, 92 percent reported that the impact of that person's presence was positive or neutral.

We hope that our collective statement underscores that the debate about the evidence is now officially over Gates encouraged Congress to act quickly to repeal the law so that the military could carefully adjust rather than face a court decision requiring it to lift the policy immediately. Service members, especially combat troops, he wrote, "deserve better than to be treated like lab rats in Mr.

Obama's radical social experiment".

Associated Data

On December 9, , another filibuster prevented debate on the Defense Authorization Act. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates released a statement following the vote indicating that the planning for implementation of a policy repeal would begin right away and would continue until Gates certified that conditions were met for orderly repeal of the policy.

The repeal act established a process for ending the DADT policy. The President, the Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff were required to certify in writing that they had reviewed the Pentagon's report on the effects of DADT repeal, that the appropriate regulations had been reviewed and drafted, and that implementation of repeal regulations "is consistent with the standards of military readiness, military effectiveness, unit cohesion, and recruiting and retention of the Armed Forces".

Once certification was given, DADT would be lifted after a day waiting period. His proposed legislation required all of the chiefs of the armed services to submit the certification at the time required only of the President, Defense Secretary and Joint Chiefs Chairman.

On January 29, , Pentagon officials stated that the training process to prepare troops for the end of DADT would begin in February and would proceed quickly, though they suggested that it might not be completed in In May , the U. Army reprimanded three colonels for performing a skit in March at a function at Yongsan Garrison , South Korea, that mocked the repeal. In May , revelations that an April Navy memo relating to its DADT training guidelines contemplated allowing same-sex weddings in base chapels and allowing chaplains to officiate if they so chose resulted in a letter of protest from 63 Republican congressman, citing the Defense of Marriage Act DOMA as controlling the use of federal property.

While waiting for certification, several service members were discharged at their own insistence [68] until a July 6 ruling from a federal appeals court barred further enforcement of the U. Anticipating the lifting of DADT, some active duty service members wearing civilian clothes marched in San Diego's gay pride parade on July The DOD noted that participation "does not constitute a declaration of sexual orientation".

At the end of August , the DOD approved the distribution of the magazine produced by OutServe , an organization of gay and lesbian service members, at Army and Air Force base exchanges beginning with the September 20 issue, coinciding with the end of DADT. Josh Seefried , one of the founders of OutServe , an organization of LGBT troops, revealed his identity after two years of hiding behind a pseudonym. When the video of their conversation he posted on YouTube went viral , it made him, in one journalist's estimation, "the poster boy for the DADT repeal".

Ross married his same-sex partner of eleven and a half years, Dan Swezy, making them the first same-sex military couple to legally marry in the United States. Steinman became the highest-ranking person to come out immediately following the end of DADT. Variety called it "an unapologetic piece of liberal advocacy" and "a testament to what formidable opponents ignorance and prejudice can be".

In the weeks that followed, a series of firsts attracted press attention to the impact of the repeal.

At Variance: The Church’s Argument Against Homosexual Conduct by Kevin Scott | Lee Gatiss

Her ship's commanding officer, in one report, "said that the crew's reaction upon learning who was selected to have the first kiss after a raffle was positive". Brandon Morgan kissing his partner at a February 22, , homecoming celebration on Marine Corps Base Hawaii went viral. On September 30, , Under Secretary of Defense Clifford Stanley announced the DOD's policy that military chaplains are allowed to perform same-sex marriages "on or off a military installation" where local law permits them.

His memo noted that "a chaplain is not required to participate in or officiate a private ceremony if doing so would be in variance with the tenets of his or her religion" and "a military chaplain's participation in a private ceremony does not constitute an endorsement of the ceremony by DoD".

Gary Packard, leader of the team that drafted the DOD's repeal implementation plan, said: Amos said "I'm very pleased with how it has gone" and called it a "non-event". A Defense Department spokesperson said implementation of repeal occurred without incident and added: Neither amendment appeared in the final legislation. In July , the Department of Defense granted permission for military personnel to wear their uniforms while participating in the San Diego Pride Parade.

This was the first time that U. Marking the first anniversary of the passage of the Repeal Act, television news networks reported no incidents in the three months since DADT ended. One aired video of a social gathering for gay service members at a base in Afghanistan. The Palm Center, a think tank that studies issues of sexuality and the military, released a study in September that found no negative consequences, nor any effect on military effectiveness from DADT repeal. This study began six months following repeal and concluded at the one year mark.

The study included surveys of generals and admirals who had opposed repeal, experts who supported DADT, and more than 60 heterosexual, gay, lesbian and bisexual active duty service personnel. It provided for the payment of full separation pay to service members discharged under DADT since November 10, , who had previously been granted only half that.

Ron Paul , having voted for the Repeal Act, maintained his support for allowing military service by open homosexuals. On September 22, , the audience at a Republican candidates' debate booed a U. You can start by standing up for the men and women who wear the uniform of the United States, even when it's not politically convenient". In June , Rep. Howard McKeon , Republican chair of the House Armed Services Committee, said he considered the repeal of DADT a settled issue and if Romney became president would not advocate its reinstatement, though others in his party might.

That number showed little change from polls over the previous two years, but represented the highest level of support in a Post-ABC poll. That happens occasionally on topics where moral issues and equal-treatment issues intersect. Chaplain groups and religious organizations took various positions on DADT. Some felt that the policy needed to be withdrawn to make the military more inclusive. The Southern Baptist Convention battled the repeal of DADT, warning that their endorsements for chaplains might be withdrawn if the repeal took place.

The Roman Catholic Church called for the retention of the policy, but had no plans to withdraw its priests from serving as military chaplains. After the policy was introduced in , the military discharged over 13, troops from the military under DADT. Discharges exceeded every year until Vic Guillory , commander of U.

Naval Forces Southern Command and U. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Don't ask, don't tell disambiguation. President Bill Clinton speaking at an announcement on new policy regarding homosexuals in the military. Sexual orientation in the United States military.

One yes, one did not vote. One yes, one no. One no, one did not vote. Retrieved September 11, Retrieved December 21, Retrieved October 23, The New York Times. Retrieved December 22, Retrieved July 6, Retrieved July 22, Lawrence Gibson, Get Off my Ship: Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: Retrieved July 26, Other prominent cases included Copy Berg , Stephen Donaldson. Retrieved February 27, Mitchell, Women in the military: Flirting with Disaster Washington: Schmitt, Eric August 26, Retrieved January 23, Retrieved February 14, Retrieved December 29, Retrieved June 9, Sexual orientation and U.

Oral Statement of Gregory M. Retrieved February 24, Archived from the original on March 31, Retrieved June 3, Robert Crown Law Library. Archived from the original on April 25, Qualification Standards for Enlistment, Appointment, and Induction". Archived from the original on July 4, Retrieved December 19, Policy concerning homosexuality in the armed forces". Homosexuality and the law: Retrieved April 7, Retrieved March 6, District Court for the District of Columbia.

Retrieved September 21, The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved July 24, Retrieved September 24, Pulkkinnen, Levi May 10, Archived from the original on July 24, Retrieved October 13, The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved November 3, Retrieved November 9, Archived from the original on November 13, San Diego Union Tribune.

Retrieved July 16, Retrieved September 29, Homosexuals and the U.

Executive Order , October 6, Retrieved March 16, Retrieved January 1, Don't Call It A Failure". Retrieved December 30, Retrieved January 11, Retrieved April 8, Democratic Party Platform of , August 14, Retrieved December 27, Republican Party Platform of , July 31, Retrieved April 4, Proceedings of the American Psychological Association for the legislative year Retrieved March 5, Republican Party Platform of , August 30, Democratic Party Platform of , July 26, Archived from the original on July 18, Retrieved March 14, Archived from the original on May 16, Retrieved November 6, Retrieved February 25, Retrieved February 19,

• The Book of Five Rings
• The Lark: A True Story Based on Pure Fantasy
• Trips Fury [Dark Times 3] (Siren Publishing Classic ManLove)
• Nightmare Abbey: It is fashion to be unhappy. To have a reason for being so would be exceedingly commonplace: to be so without any is the province of genius.
• Moonlight Bay
• “Teaching Philosophies for Designing Environments”: Preschool Environments (“Designing Environments for Young Children” Book 2)
• Ethics and Professionalism: A Guide for the Physician Assistant