Manual Up and Down

Up and Down

Contents:

The up and down bobbing of human walking: a compromise between muscle work and efficiency

OLA Evergreen Award To see what your friends thought of this book, please sign up. To ask other readers questions about Up and Down , please sign up. See 1 question about Up and Down…. Lists with This Book. Jun 05, Marieke rated it really liked it Shelves: I enjoyed this so much and it was exactly the book I needed to be reading at just this time.

I want it to be a movie and I have casting suggestions. View all 5 comments. Sep 09, Andree rated it really liked it Shelves: Well, this is just fun. Sometimes I love CanLit. A guy working at a PR firm helps organize a competition to send two citizen astronauts up to the space station, one Canadian, one American. The Canadian is a seventy-one year old woman who lives in rural BC and I mean seriously rural BC , is a former doctor, and flies a bush plane. All while harbouring a lifelong dream of being an astronaut.

She is also a diehard Sherlock Holmes fan, has spent years searching for her father who died in a plan cra Well, this is just fun. She is also a diehard Sherlock Holmes fan, has spent years searching for her father who died in a plan crash, and is unbelievably kind. The American is basically your stereotypical American guy Look, it's a Canadian twist on triumph of the underdog.

THE SIGIT • Up and Down • (2011) • Official Music Video

Toss in a PR office full of off-beat personalities, a NASA comms coordinator being awesome, and the main character being a space fanboy and you've got yourself a novel. There's a lot about this novel to love. There's a really good core story here that's very satisfying. Plus, the book feels really Canadian, which I often enjoy. Also, and it's no small thing, this book features a few really positive depictions of women with careers. They're workaholics, but that's not all they are.

And they're not heartless, just driven. I really enjoyed it. Diane with her absurd glasses and Amanda in general were my favourites. Awesome at running the PR firm and getting it done. And also, Landon, the Canadian astronaut is just awesome, while David, the PR guy walks the line between being competent at his job and a bit wily, while also being self-deprecating and clumsy and awkward generally. That said, not a perfect novel. The prose is occasionally a bit clunky, particularly at the emotional scenes noticeably so. And occasionally it felt like a bit As did David figuring out what happened to Landon's father and them finding the plane.

And especially towards the end, the PR firm felt like the most supportive place to work ever. I'm not saying that there aren't places that really are that great to work but the last scene with Diane felt a little over the top. Mostly, despite it's flaws, I liked it a lot.

So maybe this is really 3. And honestly, in my current mood I could be talked into a straight 4. Jul 20, Jennifer rated it really liked it Shelves: Aug 30, Jennifer Rayment rated it it was amazing. I half-expected an order to lay in a course for the Vega system. She caught my stare.

It's ridiculous, isn't it? Now I'm stuck with it. Now as the launch approached, he seemed to have evolved int an arrogant, right-wing, conceited jerk who had come to accept, respect, and even enjoy Landon, largly through her own generosity towards him. I still thought he was an ass, but Landon would hear none of it. I hate when people use the word "tolerant" to describe how enlightened they are about gays and lesbians. It would never be acceptable to say that someone is "tolerant" of women, or blacks, or Roman Catholics.

But somehow it's still okay to be "tolerant" of a lesbian.

The up and down bobbing of human walking: a compromise between muscle work and efficiency

Oct 10, Beth Peninger rated it really liked it. I seem to just really like Terry Fallis. I read his first two breakout novels back in , The Best Laid Plans and The High Road, and knew that I would want to read anything else he publishes. Lucky for me he published last year with Up and Down. Fallis' titles aren't carried in my library system so I have to get his books through inter-library loan.

Thank goodness for that option. In this novel Fallis departs from official politics and focuses on a different kind of politics, the PR world. Dav I seem to just really like Terry Fallis. David Stewart has just left his job with one of Canada's Ministers to move closer to his dying Mother in Toronto. A PR firm trying to land a NASA account hires David on given his obsession with space and his previous experience in the field of science and space exploration.

David's never done PR before but how hard can it be, right? Fallis gives us an insiders look at a PR firm that employs a land animal they are asking to swim. As per his other titles, Fallis' David and the other characters he brings along for the ride are likable and engaging. David's journey through his first run at PR is interesting and fast-paced.

Fallis once again develops characters that the reader can warm right up to or despise and in the manner in which Fallis wants the reader to. While David isn't near as humorous as Angus from Fallis' other two titles there are still funny moments. The story was a bit slow going in a few parts but within a page or two picked right back up for me.

Not only does the reader find themselves walking in step with David but this reader me in this case fell in love with Landon. Fallis, it seems to me, also continues in this book, and maybe more so than his other two since this one featured joint American and Canadian characters, to dispel false ideas and thoughts about America's neighbor to the North. We Americans can be pretty insensitive and stupid and I wasn't all offended by his exposure of it.

Once again Fallis crafts a novel I was happy to read. And once again I state I will be reading whatever else he puts out in the future. Aug 22, Jaclyn rated it did not like it Shelves: I received this book from a Goodreads giveaway.

Communication

Up and Down is less slapsticky than The High Road, but unfortunately also much less charming. There were moments of mild humour, but they felt too forced to really elicit a laugh. Most of the story plodded from one plot point to another -- perhaps it was just that the conclusion seemed inevitable. The narrative earnestly wants us to cheer for certain characters, and in doing so ends up with stock character types that are occasionally charming but mo I received this book from a Goodreads giveaway.

The narrative earnestly wants us to cheer for certain characters, and in doing so ends up with stock character types that are occasionally charming but mostly flat. The story picks up a bit after a rocket is launched into space and becomes somewhat less predictable. Still, it's easy enough to predict the outcome for both the good guys and the bad guys, and so it's difficult to care.

1 Introduction

Define up and down (phrase) and get synonyms. What is up and down (phrase)? up and down (phrase) meaning, pronunciation and more by Macmillan. Up-and-down definition is - marked by alternate upward and downward movement, action, or surface. How to use up-and-down in a sentence.

Landon, the Angus McLintock of this novel, is likeable enough. We're supposed to fall in love with her, and yet in his attempt to make us do so, Fallis turns her into a near superhero. She can do no wrong, and just when you've seriously had enough of her utter perfection, she goes ahead and does something practically superhero-esque. I suspended my disbelief for most of her storyline -- and there were plenty of occasions that required a suspension of disbelief -- but Fallis pushed it far beyond the tipping point. I couldn't stand this book. Bland characters, a checklist of a plot, and a character way too good to be true -- Up and Down felt like a trite PR pitch that just won't let up.

Oct 08, Philip rated it really liked it. The nonlinear properties of the striatal neuron sharpen up the temporal onset and offset of the envelope of synaptic input, and buffer the membrane potential to reduce its variability in the hyperpolarized and depolarized range, but do so in a soft manner. Excitatory input to the striatum generates local inhibition via feedforward and feedback pathways. Feedforward inhibition is generated by inhibitory GABAergic interneurons that receive excitatory inputs from the same sources as the striatal spiny neurons.

Feedback inhibition is generated by the recurrent axon collaterals of the spiny neurons themselves. A direct measure of the contribution of inhibition to the synaptic input to the spiny neuron in the Up state can be obtained by measurement of the reversal potential of the Up and Down states after removal of voltage-sensitive conductances by intracellular application of blockers Wilson and Kawaguchi, The conductance in the Up state under these circumstances is much greater than the Down state, reflecting the contribution of synaptic input.

For the striatal cell Up state, the reversal potential was to mV. For excitation and inhibition to be in balance, the Up state membrane potential would have to be near this value. The synaptic potential evoked by cortical stimulation reversed at the same membrane potential as the Up state, consistent with the Up state being essentially a maintained excitatory input barrage to the striatal spiny neuron, balanced primarily by voltage-sensitive potassium currents. Like striatal spiny cells, many cortical pyramidal cells also toggle between preferred depolarized and hyperpolarized subthreshold membrane potentials, and spontaneous switching between these membrane potential states is most conspicuous when the cortex is exhibiting synchronized slow wave oscillations Cowan and Wilson, ; Timofeev et al.

Strong electrical stimuli applied to the cortex or thalamus resets the slow oscillation, resulting in a reliable Down state followed reliably by an Up state. Slow oscillations can also be observed in isolated slabs and slices, and slice cultures of cerebral cortex under appropriate circumstances Sanches-Vives and McCormick, ; Timofeev et al. These phenomena offer the opportunity for a clear dissection of the ionic currents responsible for the Up and Down states, within the context of the slow oscillation. Because the slow oscillation is largely generated locally within the cortex, Up and Down states in cortical pyramidal cells are not as easily separated from slow oscillations as they are in the striatum.

Despite this difference, the fundamental properties of Down states in pyramidal neurons are roughly the same as those of the striatal spiny cell. That is, the Down state is a stable equilibrium achieved during periods of decreased synaptic input. Hyperpolarization produced by reduction of synaptic excitation, rather than to an increase in inhibition, is called disfacilitation, and this has been shown to be the mechanism responsible for spontaneous Down states during slow oscillations of the cortex and in the Down state triggered by cortical or thalamic stimulation Shu et al.

Most excitatory input to cortical pyramidal cells arises from thalamocortical neurons or other pyramidal cells, so the Down state must arise from some influence that quiets these inputs. Cortical pyramidal cells have a variety of somato-dendritic regenerative currents that could produce stability or metastability in the Up state, but physiological studies have not revealed widespread bistability among cortical pyramidal cells in vivo. Here there is a place for caution because of the heterogeneity of cortical pyramidal cell types.

For example, some cortical pyramidal cells, called intrinsic bursting cells, regenerative cellular activity is much more evident than in other pyramidal cells, which are usually considered to be regular spiking Connors and Gutnick, , and these cell may have a special role in cortical dynamics Timofeev et al. Still, most cortical pyramidal cells that exhibit clear Up and Down states do not show any indication of cellular stability in the Up state. The somato-dendritic membrane nonlinearity responsible for the Up state in striatal cells have been observed in cortical pyramidal cells Waters and Helmchen, , and NMDA-dependent plateau potentials have been proposed as a potential mechanism Milojkovic et al.

Inhibition is everywhere apparent in the cortex. Any strong stimulus applied to the cortex evokes a clear IPSP component as a part of the response. Both feedforward and feedback inhibition in the cortex are mediated by the wide variety of GABAergic interneurons, and any activation of pyramidal neurons invariably leads to a graded inhibitory response that could act to balance any mutual excitatory effects among pyramidal cells Haidner et al. This offers a simple network mechanism that could create Up and Down states in pyramidal cells and not require any particular cellular mechanisms like those in striatal cells, and that mechanism has been studied in a number of variants Bazhenov et al.

In all, the Down state of the network is a state of mutually-enforced quiet. Any input to any subset of cells will trigger some mutual excitation and some associated inhibition. If enough excitation is present, the network will re-excite itself explosively, and the cells will depolarize toward the Up states. The inhibition generated by pyramidal cell activity will also be recruited,, and the combined excitatory and inhibitory conductance will impose a more negative reversal potential for the net conductance change.

If the balance of excitation remains high enough to maintain self-sustained activity, the effect of the network on any one cell will appear as a synaptic conductance with the reversal potential set by the balance of excitation and inhibition. If this balanced membrane potential were reliably subthreshold, the network could not maintain self-sustained activity and the Up state would fail. But because random or oscillatory fluctuations in membrane potential in the Up state trigger some action potentials in at least some of the neurons, the Up state may sustain itself as a stable or at least a transiently stable state.

Some accumulating fatigue, due perhaps to short term synaptic plasticity, AHP currents or other similar mechanism, makes the Up state gradually lose stability, returning the network to the Down state. After some time in the Down state to recover, the network would be ready for another Up state transition, but would need some additional stochastic mechanism that would produce the next Up state.

The thalamic input is an obvious choice for this mechanism, but it has been shown that slow oscillations although slower than that seen in vivo can be seen in the absence of thalamic input to the cortex. Thus although the thalamus may regulate timing of slow oscillations in vivo, the cortex can create Up states without that input see review in Destexhe and Sejnowski, It's a story in a form of a mosaic of short episodes and pictures about the sadness and happiness of inhabitants Two families, Sebkovi and Krausovi, are celebrating christmas, but not everyone is in a good mood.

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