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On the surface, this appears to be the kind of plot that is typical of a thriller or science-fiction genre anime. However, it is not the narrative itself that is considered modernist but its style and some of the techniques that it uses. It is for this reason that a specific methodology has had to be followed. During this desk-based project, research has been gathered from the primary source of the film and secondary material. Evidence has been gathered from various scholarly journals and books. However, because of a lack of material surrounding Patlabor 2, the city and modernism together, an innovative approach of synthesising these three strands of 5 Maire Messenger Davies and Nick Mosdell, Practical Research Methods for Media and Cultural Studies: Making People Count Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, , p.
This study of Patlabor will focus only on a small, interlinked handful of techniques associated with modernism: These techniques have been chosen because of their close association with modernism but also their key relevancy to a study of Patlabor 2, as will become apparent in my discussion of key scenes. Modernism in a Globalised Context Recently, modernism has been increasingly characterised as a global phenomenon. John Benjamins North America, , pp. Specifically, Roy Starrs recently noted that: Thus, we will take the view that Patlabor falls into a category of revived modernism in the early 90s.
Japan in the Early s Since Patlabor 2 falls into a category of revived modernism of the early s, we must ask why this is. Routledge, , pp. Palgrave Macmillan, , p. The Films of Mamoru Oshii Basingstoke: For example, Japan abstained from participating in the First Gulf War13 but became involved in a peacekeeping mission to Cambodia in the early nineties, in which two lives were lost.
A second factor is the political and economic situation of Japan in This is highly similar to how modernist writers like Joyce, Eliot and Woolf looked back on events — and particularly the First World War — in their texts and used these contexts to shape the narrative events of their works. Oshii does the same; though the events of Patlabor 2 are set in a very near future, events in the film reflect on the near-past in order to establish its tone and meaning.
University of Minnesota Press, , pp. A Very Short Introduction Oxford: Oxford University Press, , p. Such literalism is mostly abandoned in favour of a representational18, and thus modernist, style of conveying information and ideas to the audience in Patlabor 2. The Mobile Police, dir. Manifestations of the Modern in Architecture and the City, ed. This means that the audience is not biased by either perspective and can interpret the dialogue and images together as a separate entity. Through a sequence of tracking shots, long and extreme shots and long takes, the audience observes a series of ruins contrasted with skyscrapers, symbols of modernity.
The relationship between these spaces is summarised by David Frisby as: What makes this sequence interesting from a modernist perspective is how it views the materials and forms of modernity and not the relics of the past. The camera is disembodied from any of the key characters and moves freely through the city.
However, unlike the military and the commuters, the 23 Anderson, p. Glass is a symbol of social, political and economic progression in Japan, as it is the epitome of modern, and indeed modernist, architecture,25 but it also represents underlying social chaos and the beginnings of a homogenised, wasted space. In many reflections shown in this sequence, the decision to draw heavy lines to demarcate each glass panel creates a distinctly fragmentary effect Figure 5 , while in other close-up 24 As quoted in Stephen T.
Posthumanism in Japanese Visual Culture Basingstoke: Stephen Barber has noted that: Heavy lines between glass panels suggest fragmentation 26 Stephen Barber, Projected Cities: Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science. Comparing algebraic and non-algebraic foundations of n-category theory. Retrieved September 26, Comment cuire un 9. Translated by Courcelle, Olivier.
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