Christening (The Hovertank Diaries Book 102)

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An in-depth look at the story of the Chicago flag. Speaking of the Chicago Flag, it's also a thing that many, many people get a tattoo of. Today marks the th anniversary of the flag of Chicago. The flag is beautiful, and a pretty big deal around here. Chicago street gang business cards. Gray on Pantone colors for Boba Fett. Trailer for the new season of Mystery Science Theater We are very excited for this.

A look back at Chicago's own and long gone Riverview Amusement Park. RC vehicles that fly at appropriately scaled speeds. Ollie , the owner of my old resident dive bar, Ollie's, and the unofficial mayor of Berwyn St. Inbox of Forgotten Emails. I say this without irony, I love the Truck Stop. We sought to capture people facing a difficult situation, to make a portrait of humans in doubt.

It provided a broad canvas for designers to decorate Mark Liberman "ran a 'Speech Activity Detector' SAD on the recordings of the same two [Inaugural Address] speeches, and used the results to create density plots of the relationship between speech-segment durations and immediately following silence-segment durations. If only my tears made this beautiful a river. General Motors codenames for its self-driving cars.

The evolution of the American one dollar note , from to today. Giving new meaning to Sweatin' To The Oldies. Women's March on Washington. Use button labeled "donate". You really ought to do this MailChimp Annual Report. Paul Gets a Passport , a beautifully illustrated and interesting post from Codex 99, as usual. Everything Steven Soderbergh saw and read in Best gif of The tumbleweed snowmen of Albuquerque. Sure, I listened to Pipeline driving through the snow this morning, but it hardly inspired me to surf in Lake Michigan. Fab Star Wars lobby cards.

Found at Masters of the 80's , which is chock full of great stuff. Film of the first Amazon Prime Air delivery, by drone. Marshall writes, "Just in case you ever wanted to know what it's like captaining a freighter through the Welland Canal — or "The Ditch" as they call it. Sweet film on Busy Beaver moving. Of course this exists. The Hipster Nativity Set. Fabien Barral has tirelessly featured a ton of interesting, inspiring studio sites over the years, so it's only proper we point out his own.

Exploring the secrets of soothing spaceship sounds. The site for design studio ToyFight is surprising and so much fun. The secrets of Chicago's not-so-secret society of magicians. Excellent interactive feature from Radio Free Europe, Budapest: Vice President Joe Biden gets permission to drive a Corvette, immediately does a burnout.

Here's how he did it. As a pencil lover, this was wonderful. The Oatmeal on why Christopher Columbus is awful and should not be celebrated. Kevin Wisbith's Death Star over Florida and other stuff to scale. An analysis of the colors used on the ten most popular websites. Bloomberg takes a look at what unites and divides Americans in One Nation Divisible: It's a smart way of reminding its team that this humble material is the starting point for almost all creative activity.

Waves3 by Tobias Zimmer. The results of an experiment with sound-, water-, and light-waves. What do you like to do? You've never seen a monster dance this well. Puttin' on the Ritz. Related to the last, Smoking Popes have an amazing cover of Pure Imagination. Gene Wilder passed away today. Horrible fortune cookies from the creators of Cards Against Humanity. I wouldn't say that at all. Olympic athletes crafted from layered paper by Barcelona artist Raya Sader Bujana.

Kickstart this, Why Every President Sucked mcj BITcoin from Dori the Giant. Known as Sound Mirrors , it was technology that ultimately led to the invention of radar. A bit of excitement on the Blue Line last night. A very interesting painting technique by Haris Lithos. Tobias Zimmer an experiment with sound, water, and light-waves. Our favorite Chicago-history photo site, Calumet , celebrates their th entry. As a reminder, CAlumet was the phone number at the infamous, yet elegant and upscale brothel, located at S Dearborn.

Cabel's 4th of July Fireworks Photos for , Always excellent. Tilt-shift Van Gogh , via Isn't. Bonhams auction lot of Space History Artifacts.

TRANSFORM YOUR SWITCH INTO A HOVER-TANK WITH BATTLEZONE – OUT NOW!

An interview with tasteofstreep. Warning, don't start watching these Blank on Blank animated interviews if you have to accomplish anything this morning. The John Updike one is great btw. I gotta go by my Ma's over by dat Nort Avenues Jewels dere. Particular and fluid in-browser simultators. Joe Hanson says "Watch the gif for 20 seconds, then look at the picture. Do what Joe Hanson says. Also see her Galaxy Glasses.

First, please introduce yourself. Hi, I'm a man who draws "" the most in the world. Nice to meet you. A subterranean camera obscura , by Anna Heinrich and Leon Palmer. Check out their other projects, including some fantastic projection installations. Deja Vu from Lapham's Quarterly. What goes around comes around. For MCJ, a giant octopus kite. The Chimbu tribe from Papua New Guinea are totally badass. The past took down the future with a single spear.

A massive video wall for the Salesforce lobby in SF.

The Comma Queen on reflexive pronouns. Saugatuck, Michigan is a lovely place to visit, so long as you avoid the Melon Heads. Surprisingly this is not a parody. A Bear's-Eye View of Yellowstone. Welcome to the middle of this post. Now, can I please have your email address?

Give it to me. Ol' Walt had a pretty boss set-up. Not for me, but way better than these. Her face looks like 'I dare you. Scented temporary tattoos from Tattly. Text-Mode "A collection of text graphics and related works, stretching back thousands of years. Textiles, BBS-graphics, poetry, mosaic, typography, and much more. Collected by Raquel Meyers and Goto The Mona Lisa, as computer generated art, from The infamous Murder House in Los Feliz is up for sale.

A great history about the house and its "Christmas presents still underneath the tree," here. A chunk of yesterday's Paris Roubaix race , from in the saddle. Computers and Automation cover , from I love this image. Watch this on your phone. Local note from , Chicago's street numbering system and how it got that way. Remember, Indiana is odd. This short movie, by the famed Lumiere Brothers, is among the first film ever shot in Chicago. The Colour Clock , time as a hexadecimal color value.

An old way of looking at things, Isometrically Speaking , by Gregory Han. Real-time face capture and reenactment of RGB videos and the end of video as proof of anything. The Office of Kate Bingaman-Burt. Richie Jackson can do some pretty incredible stuff on a skateboard. Windlicht is an installation by Dutch artist and inventor Daan Roosegaarde using wind turbines to make art. Or maybe this one. I'm using digital copies of these paintings as a basis for my own work. Via This Isn't Happiness. Alex Morgan is the bomb.

On this historic 36th anniversary of the "Miracle on Ice," we ask the hard hitting questions. Questions like, was it fixed?! MS, that article was clearly bought and paid for by "big pilates". A specific number of candies will be thrown into a cup while this is moving. At the end the cup will be placed on a belt which moves it out of the machine.

Candy in the Cup Machine. If you're like me you spend a lot of time on frozen water. And with wildly fluctuating temperatures this winter you should know what to do if you fall through the ice. A tribute to legendary skateboarder, Ed Templeton, narrated by another legend, Steve Olsen. The scent of waffles is in the air.

You know what that means Galentine's Day is almost here! You can now watch a "queue cam" to see what the wait is at your local emissions testing facility. BB and I hit the ground running the morning, getting ourselves into a link wormhole about Hands Across America. Here's a story from one year after the event. And then 25 years. The Force Awakens video game is some wholesome family fun. I love the way the portfolio of Spanish design studio Relajaelcoco is all about process.

Check this entry for the development of La Latina Map. Google is offering some great immersive experiences right now. This is why you should always wear a cup for sports. Animated gifs as a design material. Meanwhile, exciting things are happening in Iowa City. Everything fun about watching politics is embodied in this single story out of Senate race in Alabama: Excuse me, gotta make a call. Make a 3D-printed Lego head that looks like you. Lovely, smart site for Dutch design firm Kok Pistolet. Always worth reading this time of year, The Monsters of Christmas.

The Atlantic's live feed of the emojis being used to describe candidates on Twitter. The math problem that stumped thousands of mansplainers, 'splained. I'm not looking for spoilers, I just need someone who was there last night to place the number "7" in this sequence: Born and raised on Tatooine. Took up photography lately. Jeremy Clarkson demonstrates Amazon Prime Air. Head over to Rea's Design is fine. History is mine and we'll see you in an hour or two.

And, in case you want even more info, here are annotated lyrics. Build your own paper version of the Cassini spacecraft. This is the "challenging" version. A conference celebrating the creative, original, static no backend web sites, both old and new, that stand the test of time. For MCJ, octopus chandeliers. First co-working, now co-living. The Inspiration Stream from Veerle. Miniature Star Wars chocolates. The tenth and final Annual Report by Nicholas Felton. I could listen to this forever. Quick, take a screenshot. We have the faux fur lion costume this year that's doing great. So all our furry animal costumes.

What's with all the weird-looking squash? Do you know what tonight is? Evolution of a Software Engineer. I shed tears of disappointment because I was not in good condition. I am not satisfied with today's time.

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Oh yeah, he's years old. If you were ever curious about Harry Potter's family beyond his parents and the dreaded Dursleys JK Rowling has you covered. What about the large forward windows on Deck 3? What kind of communal areas exist on the ship? All these questions will be answered.

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The secret skateboarding paradise on top of Moscow's Soviet-era buildings. Nothing beats a firm bottom, and other rules for oyster eating , by Rowan Jacobsen. History of awkward silences in this area, park bench. French graphic designer Nicolas Damiens takes the ads out of Tokyo. Julius Grimm painted the moon in This Swinging City , in the 70s. Happy Birthday, Rodney Mullen! Mark King "tried a million ways to get Soleil to try new foods, eat what was in front of her, and stop saying she doesn't like something before ever having tried it. If you're in NYC, look up. Stephen Powers has a message for you.

Excellent interview, via Craig Mod. Smiley would appreciate that. Local note, eat the garden in the garden at Big Delicious Planet next week. The Brosmind Interdimensional Viewer. One brave man tried to eat as many calories as a Tour de France cyclist Elijah Wood shows off the One Ring on Conan. Ms have been illegal since , so i'm not sure what the dummies down the block are setting off every 20 minutes all night, all week, around the 4th of July. Panic's Cabel Sasser hasn't released his fireworks roundup yet, but here's last year's, with links to the rest.

Also, from the MoOM archives: Mike McHenry's firecracker collection. Know your terminology and types of aerial shells before heading out to the display this weekend. Local note for Arizonans: If I win the lottery today, I'm buying everything, life-sized fiberglass bulls and all. That Weirdo Announcer-Voice Accent: Bedrock City in Arizona is for sale. Making the rounds, 2 Kinds of People. Noted without comment, owl cafes in Tokyo. Detailed tutorial on building a cityscape in illustrator by Veerle. Super organized and full of "Sheesh I've been a fool for not doing it that way" moments.

Via the Largehearted Boy. Nice video explaining Protected Intersections For Bicyclists. Kurt Russell as Jack Burton has so many questions. The ultimate guide to every hot dog style from around the world. MS's nightmares now have a soundtrack. London's Regents Canal path now has duck lanes. The news summarized in GIFs. If she can't understand your site, others will struggle as well. Your mom loves you too much to give you honest feedback.

My mom thinks you're probably a lovely person, but may not like your work.

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She'll try to use your website and tell you how she really feels. Rogues Gallery , swindlers and their swindles, from Lapham's Quarterly. Wes Anderson characters in Lego by Matt Chase. For MS, living off the grid in a yurt on abandoned Chicago land. Street "artist" "Wanksy" has found a novel way of getting Ramsbottom's potholes filled quickly. My dog can see an invisible door.

Camping season is just around the corner. With that in mind, here is all you need to know about dealing with ticks. America's oldest regional cuisine. Is it lunch time yet? The Drone Aviary is an investigation of the social, political and cultural potential of drone technology as it enters civil space.

The cuddly, fluffy, surreal world of Angora show bunnies. It turns out that the moon has a vast population of human beings. An April Fools prank from Let's all count the ways Marion Bataille's pop-up book, Numero is brilliant. Last chance to enter the Core77 Design Awards. Just four days left to submit to the Core77 Design Awards. It's also possibly the most awesome thing ever made with a series of post cards. Linked annually, on this date. Pitch 'n' Putt with Joyce 'n' Beckett.

Pantone business card holders. The harder you skate, the better it looks. The Queen's fifth coinage portrait. Wes Anderson inspired luggage. The 'Dawn of Man' opening sequence in cuts away seconds before the Flintstones theme becomes recognizable. Like it says on the label. Jeff Jackson is a member of the North Carolina Senate, today he found himself the only legislator there on a snow day, so he did what any smart progressive person would do.

He got busy legislating. Matthew DiVito is Mr. Div , he makes Gifs. Speaking of podcasts, Inquisitive sets off on a new series of episodes that look "Behind the App" and the history of iOS development. Local note for Munich. Wish we could be there. Gorgeous metallic moon phase calendars. So you know, what happens when an ordinary balloon, left outside, is covered by freezing rain and then deflates.

Need some new podcasts to plug into? Wailin Wong of Basecamp has you covered. The great Canadian flag debate, fifty years later. How to survive falling through the ice. The New York Times lost days in Via I Love Typography. Amish buggy doing donuts. Busy Beaver Button Co. The Muppets cover Biz Markie , kind of. Put on your tin hat. It lasted from - Classic cars on the big screen. After five years, Carole is back with Netdiver's Best of the Year , an inspiring browse.

The word "does not mean what people think it means. It is a word that describes a personality trait not a crude action. Dinosaur's Pen , a sweet tumblr on old computers and ancient tech. Hello Wood built a Christmas tree in Budapest out of 5, wooden logs. How candy canes are made by hand. Astronauts is a kids' book from with "exciting, accurate punch-outs, ready to assemble.

Toho is going to start making Godzilla movies again! If it's good enough for the Kaiser, it's good enough for me! Products branded with Kaiser Franz Josef's face. An architect's tips for turning the living room into an epic pillow fort. So, a Gif Novel is a thing now. Related to my previous post. I've officially fallen down the rabbit hole mcj During October, iZettle a payments platform "invited six small businesses to open up their own flagship store in one of the most popular shopping districts in London - for 12 hours only. The family that went to the moon , and stayed there.

I'm not a car guy, but this is awesome. From the desk of Aaron Draplin. Tested takes a look at the legacy of Stan Winston and The Terminator. So you know, how to make the perfect grilled cheese sandwich. It is all about donuts. We don't sell donuts we eat donuts. The website is a fun site. Scary clowns are terrorizing France. Then he'll do it all over again with a blindfold. What are you looking for today? The scientist who thought that birds migrate to the moon. Related to the last: FotA Cameron Esposito has a new stand-up album out: The classic green army men doing yoga.

Winter is just around the corner. Gizmodo has a nice guide for how to stay warm when it's cold outside. The explosion of crayon colors since The Rise of the Cat Tattoo mcj If you're going to watch one 2 minute-long commercial for pudding today, please make it this one. Print your own t-shirt in an old ice cream van in Paris. The science behind tattooing, including tattooing in slow motion. Craig Robinson's last eight years of sleep graphed. So go ahead and take it.

A Million Times , an installation by Humans since What time is it? More info from The Fox Is Black. Every wonder about the Figure in Figure Skating? It's actually quite literal. And things get complicated in Ice Dancing. Not everyone who jumps off cliffs is doing it for an energy drink commercial This is how it's done around LA.

Glad I don't work in Death Valley, high of degrees. LA had a measly Camping scenes embroidered by Stephanie Clark. Via The Jealous Curator. The Crying Game , "infant distress vocalization as competitive advantage during violent conflict. I happen to know of several Fresh Signals readers who are archivists, they'll be happy to know they now have an official color. Interesting backstory on Chipotle's secret plan to create the Chipotle of pizza, in Boulder.

FUBAR, robot mascot of the 80s shopping mall. His home page is still under construction. My grandfather built this , fun query for Google. Thought I'd kick things off with a shout out to my home town of Boston, where the world's oldest commissioned naval vessel still floats. Check out the diagrams of the USS Constitution's naval battles years ago, mixed in with these accounts of its service.

Good read, but if we lose the foosball table BB and I are outta here! History of an Icon: A giant pencil lamp. FoTA Daniel Zarick made a really dumb app that also happens to be really really fun if you're into pointless competition. Check out The Shakedown. This has all the fun of breaking into a museum with none of the illegality. Thrift shop paintings, modified by David Irvine. Great photography, recipes and writing, plus as an added bonus, fun typography. Director Peter Atencio has found a link he will never click on. There is no better summation of how absurd "marketing speak" is than Weird Al's video for Mission Statement.

I'm generally not a tattoo person, but I've finally found the tattoo I would consider getting: We got to talking about safety videos and this came up. Dumb Ways to Die. Never export, never save, always screenshot. As a result my desktop is a giant mess. Abbey Garden off the southwest coast of England boasts a massive collection of 20, plants from all around the world. Carly Ayres is pinning stuff that makes her uncomfortable. Live from Brooks Falls, waiting on Salmon. Sam Sifton makes a hamburger. BugJuggler is a 70ft tall robot that uses hydraulic cylinders to hurl cars into the sky and catch them in mid-air.

Koenig was a master of the intuitive and the counterintuitive, of the succinct and the sly, of the sales pitch that masqueraded as meaning. Don't panic, we've come up with a simple way to make your upcoming extra hours easier. A comic on the pointlessness of reading internet comments. Now that's my kind of bus stop. Here's how to make a Donut Cake. It looks pretty difficult, so probably only for seasoned chefs. So you know, when to ghost a party. Thanks to Marshall, who wonders where the "bacon bracket" is.

It is absolutely worth it. Posted without comment, other than it's dangerously close to the real life version of " Tiny Hats. An axe murder that was captured on Google Street View has been solved by police. Eliot wrote to Groucho Marx to confirm that a car would be at waiting at the Savoy to pick 'you and Mrs. Groucho' up for dinner. The Chicago Alternative Comics Expo is this weekend. Hustwit on Vignelli in words and photographs. Local note for NYC today, Manhattanhenge.

Twinkind , make a 3D photo figurine of yourself.

Cool, but sorta creepy too. Hoping to make enough space to build a Dreamatorium. I will be teaching a 1-Day screenprinting workshop this Saturday. It's perfect for those who have an interest in printing but little or no experience. Hope to see you there. If yes, you win at logo design.

Signs from the near future. A McDonald's fries holder. I'll be teaching a 1-day crash course in screenprinting on May 31st.

It's going to be a lot of fun. Birthing forth from the blue nexus where the eggs merge there is a circle and the ominous word 'Futures The New York Pizza Project. The rate at which people drown after falling out of a fishing boat correlates with he marriage rate in Kentucky and other Spurious Correlations. Macaulay Culkin took to twitter yesterday get a little meta. You can jump on twitter today and ask Ventra anything you want.

It's sure to be a hilarious mess. Bocandy sends you premium candy from around the world every month. You'd think at some point we'd all say, "Enough with the iconic images made from Lego already. The Tiny Grand Budapest Hotel. An interesting read on Soylent. Dressed in a pink feather boa, with a cigarette and champagne flute, and the word 'Bitch' emblazoned on a broach on her shirt, she insisted that she be propped up a bench during her wake, overlooking the festivities. Did you guys hear about the dead whale that washed up in Newfoundland? Did you hear that it might explode?

Has the whale exploded yet? Whiskey on the rocks, with CNC-milled rocks , from, a Suntory ad campaign. New Scientist on M. Escher's impossible or maybe not waterfall. The dumb way we board airplanes is dumb. Fans and packing chips. A hypnotic installation at Art Museum of Lugano, Switzerland.

GIFs by Typical Hope. Via The Fox Is Black. For Shakespeare's birthday, The Sun gave his plays the tabloid treatment. Wheat is Wheat is Wheat , an exhibition highlighting "the contentious, potentially arbitrary connection that products have to packaging" at the San Francisco Museum Of Craft and Design, by Peddy Mergui.

First person view of Blue Angels practice. Way to go Boston. You wore Toughskins jeans. You mowed your grass with a Craftsman lawnmower, and ate hamburgers off a Kenmore grill. I know you shopped at Sears, because everyone shopped at Sears. A clever campaign, fundraising for returning veterans, selling a minute of pre-recorded silence. Sweet Valley High No. So here's this song performed at Social Media Marketing World conference: Fuck Your Noguchi Coffee Table.

The world's first weather forecast completely made out of paper. Brand New Plus , new policies in effect today. Secretary Pauline Edwards demonstrates the use of closed-circuit television for self-assessment, London, Somebody bring this to the States please. I actually owned that car, sadly, without all the boss customization. The very best of everyones favorited animated punching bag, Milhouse. Need some help picking out a new board game? This website has you covered. Ever wonder how Chicago's neighborhoods got their names?

Mental Floss has the answers. You guys, a poutinerie is opening in Chicago. Looks like we might be seeing more than one monster in this movie The new trailer for Godzilla. Ali vs Liston 1 in Miami. Sir David Attenborough describes Olympic curling. Control Room an installation by Roxy Paine. Click through all ten images. Need I say more? Is parking straight too mainstream for you?

A touching tribute to Blur's Song 2 via the fourth ticket barrier from the right at the Canary Wharf Underground stop in London. In , AIGA turns Modern Snowman , by Brock Davis. This is the only weather website you will ever need. The Anti-Corruption Foundation digs deep to find where all the money went. It's not every day that that your local paper gets to warn you to be on the look out for a ghost ship full of cannibal rats. It would be better if she were a star and everyone else was a planet.

Or like, she could be a black hole sucking everyone in. This is such bs. A Brief Scientific Chat. Always Read the Plaque mcj From now on, when anyone asks, "So which camera did you shoot that film on? Peter Freuchen "once escaped from a blizzard shelter by cutting his way out of it with a knife fashioned from his own feces," and that's not even the most interesting thing about him.

This guy was, in his time, the most interesting man alive. The Roseanne house is for sale. From the local public access show, Motorsports Unlimited, starting at around 4: Women with a half face of makeup. Choice Metafilter posts from Japanese Economic Mythbusting , an interesting chat with economist Noah Smith. Jones weighs in on the Cubs' new mascot. BB and I can't stop saying, " A walk on the moon! Kickstarter saved a ton of indie cinemas last year. Related to the last, also by Shin Seung Back and Kim Yong Hun, "A day of my computer mediated life had been recorded by capturing a screen shot of my desktop every time I clicked.

Kim Jong-Un, alone on a ski lift. Siri is not Her. You won't see much of this at your local ski hill. Scott Stevens is an amazing snowboarder. The quietest place on earth will drive you crazy in 45 minutes. The Wreath of Khan. It's an emotion, not a feeling. It's both yesterday and today. And it's tomorrow as well. Numberphile's collection of advertising for watches, which by and large always has the product set for A collection of alternative Christmas trees.

Thanksgiving is a little over a week away but that doesn't mean you can't plan ahead. A brief history of cars doing barrel rolls in mid-air , including some super-sweet old, old-school wire frames. You are following this whole BatKid thing live in San Francisco today, aren't you? Stackable wood soldiers, gnomes and snowmen.

Noisli is a background noise and color generator to help you work or relax. A banana-shaped pool table. This is the first year that Hanukkah and Thanksgiving will overlap. The next occurrence will be in the year Now that winter seems like it's arrived here in Chicago, here are some tobogganing tips from Geddy Lee. Now, after two months cooling his heels in a safe house, the Bay Bridge troll has emerged from hiding. Butterbeer is on the secret menu at Starbucks. Now this is a company video: It's easy to see why Cirque du Soleil came to prominence in the mids when you look at their competition.

This Ringling Bros. A great story in the Trib about the legacy and the death of Dominick's , particularly the ones in my neighborhood. How terrible we feel because we scolded a cat that did nothing wrong? Don't look for any context or explanation, because you'll have more fun with out it: Penenberg challenged hackers to investigate him and what they found out is chilling. Halloween in charts and graphs. You go to the mailbox and there you find a complete set of all four Golden Girls in lego form. The Two Of A Kind project from ignant. An artist is given three simple items to be transformed into a unique artwork.

Possible relink, but it's Friday and this is great. Madeon - Pop Culture Dance Video. And here I am complaining because the heat in the office is out and I'm cold Naked skiing from the new ski flick Valhalla. Presenting the world's fluffiest bunny. Workwankers , "you know who they are, now you know what to call them behind their backs.

The new meme that could also save your life if you're a lady , mamming. Welcome back little fellow. A bad lip reading of Game of Thrones. When Rob Walker points to ten things to waste your time on you should pay attention. It is August 8, , and the brave pilot intends to break the speed record for the scooter category. It's always nice to see two of your favorite people get together.

Claire Zulkey chats with Alissa Walker. When will that be? Empire Drive-In is a temporary "full-scale theater made out of wrecked cars and a foot screen constructed of salvaged wood. Tales You Lose , Andre Levy paints coins. Dirk Loechel created a massive starship size comparison chart. Duplicating a masterpiece by scanning the topography of its surface and then 3D printing. Developed from the original Su air superiority fighter, it was originally designated SuM and later named Su Due to the similar features and components it contains, the Su is considered a close cousin of the Sukhoi SuMKI, a modernized Su variant for India.

It entered into serial production as the SuS. The SuM development began in the early s. Changes from the Su include canards, upgraded engines, new radar, and a digital fly by wire flight control system. However, the Russian Air Force did not receive the advanced variants and continued to use a Su fleet procured in Soviet times, with small complements of Sus. The expediences of South Ossetia war has also opened its prospects as a stopgap boost to the ageing fleet of mostly rudimentary Su line fighters in the Russian Air Force. The new features of the aircraft include a reinforced airframe with a more extensive use of titanium alloys, thus increasing the airframes durability to some 30 years or 6, service hours[19], a reduced radar signature from the front,[16] and an improved passive electronically scanned array radar.

The aircraft featured many other upgrades to its avionics and electronic systems, including digital fly-by-wire and a rear-looking radar for firing Semi-Active Radar missiles. The new Su omits the canard and speedbrake; to maintain maneuverability equal to or greater than canard-equipped fighters, the Su uses the new S engine with fully-rotating vectoring thrust nozzles. Flanker-F is a Russian experimental multi-role jet fighter aircraft. It is a single seat fighter modified from the 1st generation Su prototypes for thrust vector control testing.

Later Su prototypes added a glass cockpit and modified tailfins. A second Su was similarly converted in The Su name and "Terminator" call sign were given to them by NATO who believed they were substantially more advanced than the 35's and as Russian planes always use odd numbers 37 would be the next in line.

However Su development continued and modern Su's are greatly more advanced than the Su prototypes that flew in the 's, some of that technology being incorporated to the SuBM. It was designed to provide close air support for the Soviet Ground Forces. The first prototype made its maiden flight on 22 February After testing, the aircraft went into series production in at Tbilisi in the Soviet Republic of Georgia.

Russian air and ground forces nicknamed it "Grach" "Rook". NATO assigned the new aircraft the reporting name 'Frogfoot'. By year , the Su is the only armoured airplane still in production except the Su whose production just started. During its more than twenty-five years in service, the Su has seen combat with several air forces. It was heavily involved in the Soviet war in Afghanistan, flying counter-insurgency missions against the Mujahideen. Most of them were later destroyed or fled to Iran in the Persian Gulf War. The idea of creating a ground-support aircraft came about after analysing the experience of shturmovaya attack aviation during World War II, and in local wars during the s and s.

Having taken into account these problems, Pavel Sukhoi and a group of leading specialists in the Sukhoi Design Bureau started preliminary design work in a comparatively short period of time, with the assistance of leading institutes of the Ministry of the Aviation Industry and the Ministry of Defence. The T, the first airframe to be assembled, was completed just before a major national holiday on 9 May However, it did not make its first flight until 22 February , after a long series of test flights by Vladimir Ilyushin.

The Su surpassed its main competitor in the Soviet Air Force competition, the Ilyushin Il, and series production was announced by the Ministry of Defence. After negotiations and completion of all stages of the state trials, the Soviet Ministry of Aircraft Production authorised manufacture of the Su at Tbilisi, allowing series production to start in In addition, an SuKM prototype was developed by Georgia in co-operation with Israeli company Elbit Systems in , but so far this variant has not achieved much commercial success.

The Su is the only armoured airplane still in production in However, this process has been slowed due to a funding shortfall, by early only seven aircraft had been modified. The wing consists of two cantilever sections attached to a central torsion box, forming a single unit with the fuselage. The air brakes are housed in separate fairings at the tip of each wing. Each wing has five hardpoints for weapons carriage, with the attachment points mounted on load-bearing ribs and spars.

The flaps are mounted by steel sliders and rollers, attached to brackets on the rear spar. The trapezoidal ailerons are located near the wingtips. The pilot sits on a Zvezda K ejection seat similar to the Sukhoi Su , and has standard flight instruments. At the rear of the cockpit is a 6 mm 0. The cockpit has a bathtub-shaped armoured enclosure of welded titanium sheets, with transit ports located in the walls.

Guide rails for the ejection seat are mounted on the rear wall of the cockpit. Once inside, the pilot sits low in the cockpit, protected by the bathtub assembly which makes for a cramped cockpit. Visibility from the cockpit is limited, being a trade-off for improved pilot protection. Rearwards visibility is very limited, though a periscope is fitted on top of the canopy to compensate.

The basic model's cockpit control layout is rather old-fashioned. An airtight avionics compartment is behind the cockpit and in front of the forward fuel tank. On the left-hand rear side of the cockpit, a built-in ladder provides access to the cockpit, the upper part of the engine nacelles, and the wing.

The nose is fitted with distinctive twin pitot probes and hinges up for service access. It provides a laser target designation capability whereby the pilot locks the designator onto a target through his gun-sight allowing launch of a laser-guided missile and using the Klen-PS to guide it. This suggests that Sus would use "buddy designation" i. In October , the Russian Air Force announced it would replace its Mi helicopter gunships with more modern Mis and possibly Kas by The first expression of this concept was a mock-up unveiled in in the experimental shop of the Ministry of Aircraft's factory number where Mil was head designer.

The mock-up designated V was based on another project, the V utility helicopter, which itself never flew. The V was similar in layout and configuration to the UH-1A Huey, with a central infantry compartment that could hold eight troops sitting back to back, and a set of small wings positioned to the top rear of the passenger cabin, capable of holding up to six missiles or rockets, with a twin-barreled GShL cannon fixed to the landing skid.

Mil proposed the design to the heads of the Soviet armed forces, and while he had the support of a number of strategists in the armed forces, he was opposed by several more senior members of the armed forces who believed that conventional weapons were a better use of resources. Despite the opposition, Mil managed to persuade the defence minister's first deputy, Marshal Andrey A. Grechko, to convene an expert panel to look into the matter.

While the panel's opinions were mixed, supporters of the project eventually held sway, and a request for design proposals for a battlefield support helicopter was issued. The development of gunships and attack helicopters by the US Army during the Vietnam War convinced the Soviets of the advantages of armed helicopter ground support doctrine. This had a positive influence on moving forward with the development of the Mi Later, three complete mock-ups were produced, along with five cockpit mock-ups to allow the pilot and weapon station operator positions to be fine-tuned.

This was considered but later dropped in favor of the new Mil twin-engine design. A number of changes were made at the insistence of the military, including the replacement of the 23 mm cannon with a rapid-fire heavy machine gun mounted in a chin turret, and the use of the then-under development 9K Shturm AT-6 Spiral anti-tank missile.

Work proceeded under Mil until his death in Detailed design work began in August under the codename Yellow A full scale mock-up of the design was reviewed and approved in February Flight tests with a prototype began on 15 September with a tethered hover, and four days later the first free flight was conducted. A second prototype was built, followed by a test batch of ten helicopters.

Acceptance testing for the design began in June , continuing for 18 months. Changes made in the design addressed structural strength and fatigue problems, and reduced vibration levels. This gave the helicopter its characteristic wings. The tail rotor was moved from the right to the left side of the tail, and the rotation direction reversed.

The tail rotor now rotated up on the side towards the front of the aircraft, into the downwash of the rotor, which increased the efficiency of the tail rotor. A number of other design changes were made until the production version MiA izdeliye entered production in , obtaining its IOC in It was officially accepted into the state arsenal in The Russian Navy however has no plans to retire their small number of Mis.

As for the Russian air force the service is severely short of funds, the "krokodil" will serve for many years to come The core of the aircraft was derived from the Mil Mi-8 NATO reporting name "Hip": The engine configuration gave the aircraft its distinctive double air intake.

Original versions have an angular greenhouse-style cockpit; Model D and later have a characteristic tandem cockpit with a "double bubble" canopy. Other airframe components came from the Mi "Haze". Two mid-mounted stub wings provide weapon hardpoints, each offering three stations, in addition to providing lift. The load-out mix is mission dependent; Mis can be tasked with close air support, anti-tank operations, or aerial combat. The body is heavily armored and can resist impacts from. The cockpit is an even more heavily armored titanium tub and can resist impact from 37mm cannon rounds.

The cockpit and crew compartment are overpressurized to protect the crew in NBC conditions. Considerable attention was given to making the Mi fast. The airframe was streamlined, and fitted with retractable tricycle undercarriage landing gear to reduce drag. The wings provide considerable lift at high speed, up to a quarter of total lift. The main rotor was tilted 2. The landing gear was also tilted to the left so the rotor would still be level when the aircraft was on the ground, making the rest of the airframe tilt to the left. The tail was also asymmetrical to give a side force at speed, thus unloading the tail rotor.

The helicopter had been modified to reduce weight as much as possible, and among the measures used was to remove the stub wings. The record stood until when it was broken by the current record holder, a modified Westland Lynx. While UH-1 "Huey" helicopters were used in Vietnam either to ferry troops, or were used as gunships, they were not able to do both at the same time. Converting a UH-1 into a gunship meant stripping the entire passenger area to accommodate extra fuel and ammunition, and removing its troop transport capability.

The Mi was designed to do both, and this was greatly exploited by airborne units of the Soviet Army during the — Soviet war in Afghanistan. The closest Western equivalent was the Sikorsky S Blackhawk, which used many of the same design principles and was also built as a high-speed, high-agility attack helicopter with limited troop transport capability;[1] it, like the Mi, was also designed using many components from an already existing product, the Sikorsky S The S, however, was never adopted for service.

It is a dedicated attack helicopter with no intended secondary transport capability, better optimized than the Mil Mi for the anti-tank role. It carries a single gun in an undernose barbette, plus external loads carried on pylons beneath stub wings. The new design had a reduced transport capability 3 troops instead of , omitted the cabin, to provide better overall performance and higher top speed. Improved performance was important for its intended role fighting against tanks and enemy helicopters and covering helicopter landing operations.

Initially, many different designs were considered, including an unconventional project with two main rotors, placed with engines on tips of wings in perpendicular layout , and with an additional pusher propeller on the tail. In , a preliminary design was chosen, in a classic single-rotor layout. It lost its similarity to the Mi, and even the canopies were smaller, with flat surfaces. Design work began on the Mi began under Marat Tishchenko in In the Mi completed the first stage of state trials, but in October the Soviet Air Force chose the more advanced Kamov Ka as the new anti-tank helicopter.

The Mi development was continued, but given lower priority. In January the first MiA prototype no. It was fitted with more powerful engines and an "X" type tail rotor instead of the three-blade version. In the second MiA no. The MiA program was cancelled in because it was deemed uncompetitive with the Ka, and in particular, it was not all-weather capable.

Then the MiN, was unveiled in , the N designation meaning "night". The most significant feature is a radar in a round cover above the main rotor, similar to that of the American AHD Longbow Apache. Due to funding problems, development was interrupted.

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A second prototype with an improved rotor design was unveiled in March at Rosvertol. Changes in the military situation after the Cold War made specialized anti-tank helicopters, like Ka, less useful. On the other hand, its all-weather, two-seat variant Ka had worse performance due to increased weight.

The advantages of the MiN, like all-weather action ability, lower cost, and similarity to the Mi, have become important. The Mi has two heavily armored cockpits, a windshield able to withstand hits from 7. While the Mi is not intended for use as a transport, it does have a small passenger compartment capable of carrying three people. The planned purpose of this is to enable the rescue of downed helicopter crews. The MiN features a Helmet mounted display for the pilot.

One armament that is commonly seen amongst Mis are a pair of 8 Ataka missile racks along with 2 BL rocket pods, each able to carry 5 S rockets. Other rocket options include two B-8 rocket pods, each able to carry up to 20 S-8 rockets. The 30 mm chain gun is a staple amongst all Mi combat loads. The Atakas used have 4 variants for different tasks. The 9MO expanding rod warhead variant is used against other helicopters.

All the variants have a range of 6 km. The S-8 and S rockets used by the Mi are usually unguided. In the most common configuration, one can expect 40 S-8 rockets or 10 S rockets. The S-8 has a shorter range and smaller warhead than the S, but compensates with numbers. The project, named "Ugroza" Menace , will use Laser guidance[9] or optical guidance by means of a TV screen to guide the rockets to their targets. Rockets upgraded under Ugroza receive the suffix of "Kor". Ugroza also allows the rockets to be fired at their maximum kinematic range, while maintaining an accuracy of 0.

It is a select fire, dual-feed gun, which allows for a cyclic rate of fire between rounds per minute to rounds per minute. Its effective range varies from meters for ground vehicles to meters for air targets. The first boxy basic robot made by D-bee militia force or D. F ,basic humans shape ,with one arm carrying a dual 20 MM cannon , main gun over and under barrel heavy M. C machine gun or rail gun and a 75 MM tank rifle ,remote controlled or manual controlled MDC machine.

Simpler and easy to repaired this unit carries dual armored protection systems more like body amour to better combat endurance before they were disable by monster force. With this armored it stop that from happening, love by all in D-bee militia force or DMF , thanks to N. On top of that nuclear powered robot is more expensive then vehicles, but it was costly. However D-bee militia force or DMF knew that many other small nations also Triax had fossil ready and a lot, cheap easy to get to powered their simple war machines and no missiles. NGR approved and the rest is history, ten of thousands are been made for the D-bee militia force or DMF , local enforcement in refugee zones and even merc outfits that legal by NGR.

This basic robot is the first before the second larger model is on line thanks to NGR. The only complaint pilots have to no left arm, but this was done to budget cost for the other robots. Right arm Right arm shield Dual barrel 20 mm rapid fire 50 Main 75 mm cannon 30 mm rapid auto rapid fire cannon 80 Main body Legs 2 Amour up legs 2 Sided engine plates Engine Any heavy cupola x1 35 Armored rooster pit Side amour one per can add to per sides x1 ,front x1 ,rear x1 turret x1 ,legs x1 each any damage 50 or less bounces off Dimensions 13 feet tall 11 feet long 9 feet long Weight: Round 75 mm -1d4x10 M.

D max damage 40 single shot or2d4x10 dual shot only H. Round 75 mm - 5d10 M. D max damage 50 single shot or 1d10x10dual shot only A. S round 75 mm -1d10x10 max damage single shot or 5dx10 dual shot only Range direct feet, indirect fire feet R. Round 30 mm-5d4 M. D max damage 20 single shot or 1d4x10 dual shot only H. Round 30 mm - 4d6 M. S round 30 mm -1d4x10 M. D max damage 40 single shot or 2d4x10 dual shot only Range R.

C Stats 20 mm auto cannon right arm L. Round 20 mm — 3d6 M. D max damage 18 single shot or 6d6 dual shot only H. Round 20 mm -5d4 M. D max damage 20 single shot or1d4x10 dual shot only A. S round 20 mm- 6d6 MD max damage 36 single shot or 2d4x10 dual shot only Range direct feet, indirect fire feet R. Designed and built quickly, and made primarily of wood as metals were in very short supply and prioritised for other aircraft, the He was nevertheless the fastest of the first generation of Axis and Allied jets. Other names given to the plane include Salamander, which was the codename of its construction program, and Spatz "Sparrow" , which was the name given to the plane by Heinkel.

The BMW axial-flow turbojet was mounted in a pod nacelle uniquely situated atop the fuselage directly aft of the cockpit. Twin vertical tailfins were mounted at the ends of highly dihedralled horizontal tailplanes to clear the jet exhaust, a high-mounted straight wing with a forward-swept trailing edge and shallow dihedral, an ejection seat was provided for the pilot deemed far more valuable than the machine itself [citation needed], and tricycle landing gear that retracted into the fuselage. The prototype flew within an astoundingly short period of time: This was despite the fact that the factory in Wuppertal making Tego film plywood glue — used in a substantial number of late-war German aviation designs that were meant to be constructed from wood — had been bombed by the Royal Air Force and a replacement had to be quickly substituted.

Other problems were noted as well, notably a pitch instability and problems with slideslip due to the rudder design. Neither was considered important enough to hold up the production schedule for even a day. On a second flight on 10 December, again with Peter at the controls, in front of various Nazi officials, the glue again caused a structural failure. This allowed the aileron to separate from the wing, causing the plane to roll over and crash, killing Peter.

An investigation into the failure revealed that the wing structure had to be strengthened and some redesign was needed, as the glue bonding required for the wood parts was in many cases defective. However, the schedule was so tight that testing was forced to continue with the current design. This time, the stability problems proved to be more serious, and were found to be related to Dutch roll, which could be solved by reducing the dihedral.

However, with the plane supposed to enter production within weeks, there was no time to change the design. A number of small changes were made instead, including adding lead ballast to the nose to move the centre of gravity more to the front of the plane, slightly increasing the size of the tail surfaces. The third and fourth prototypes, which now used an "M" for "muster" model number instead of the older "V-for-Versuchs" experimental number, as the He M3 and M4, after being fitted with the strengthened wings, flew in mid-January These versions also included small aluminium wingtip "droops", reportedly designed by Alexander Lippisch and known in German as Lippisch-Ohren "Lippisch Ears" , in an attempt to cure the stability problems via decreased dihedral.

Both were equipped with two 30 mm 1. The shift to 20 mm guns was also undertaken because the smaller-calibre weapons would allow a much greater amount of ammunition to be carried. The He was originally built with the intention of being flown by the Hitler Youth, as the Luftwaffe was fast running out of pilots. However, the aircraft was far too complicated for any but a highly experienced pilot. An unpowered two-seat glider version, designated the He S Schulen , was developed for training purposes.

Only a small number were built, and even fewer delivered to the sole He Hitler Youth training unit to be activated in March at an airbase at Sagan. The unit was in the process of formation when the war ended, did not begin any training, and it is doubtful that more than one or two He S gliders ever took to the air. The Messerschmitt Me Schwalbe "Swallow" was the world's first operational jet-powered fighter aircraft.

Compared with Allied fighters of its day, including the jet-powered Gloster Meteor, it was much faster and better armed. Me pilots claimed a total of Allied kills[7] although higher claims are sometimes made [Notes 1] against the loss of about Me s. The Me is considered to have been the most advanced German aviation design in operational use during World War II. Maintenance during the deteriorating war situation and a lack of fuel also reduced the effectiveness of the aircraft as a fighting force.

In the end, the Me had a negligible impact on the course of the war due to its late introduction and the small numbers that were deployed in operational service. It was the first pure flying wing powered by a jet engine[1] and designed to be more difficult to detect with radar - the first aircraft to incorporate what is now known as stealth technology.

In the early s, the Horten brothers had become interested in the flying wing design as a method of improving the performance of gliders. The German government was funding glider clubs at the time because production of military and even motorized aircraft was forbidden by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I. The flying wing layout removes any "unneeded" surfaces and, in theory at least, leads to the lowest possible drag. A wing-only configuration allows for a similarly performing glider with wings that are shorter and thus sturdier, and without the added drag of the fuselage.

The result was the Horten H. Conventional German bombers could reach Allied command centers in Great Britain, but were suffering devastating losses from Allied fighters. At the time, there was no way to meet these goals — the new Junkers Jumo B turbojets could provide the required speed, but had excessive fuel consumption. The Hortens concluded that the low-drag flying wing design could meet all of the goals: They put forward their private project, the H. IX, as the basis for the bomber. The Government Air Ministry Reichsluftfahrtministerium approved the Horten proposal, but ordered the addition of two 30 mm cannons, as they felt the aircraft would also be useful as a fighter due to its estimated top speed being significantly higher than that of any Allied aircraft.

IX was of mixed construction, with the center pod made from welded steel tubing and wing spars built from wood. The wings were made from two thin, carbon-impregnated plywood panels glued together with a charcoal and sawdust mixture. The wing had a single main spar, penetrated by the jet engine inlets, and a secondary spar used for attaching the elevons.

It was designed with a 7g load factor and a 1. The control system included both long span inboard and short span outboard spoilers, with the smaller outboard spoilers activated first. This system gave a smoother and more graceful control of yaw than would a single spoiler system. A drogue parachute slowed the aircraft upon landing. The pilot sat on a primitive ejection seat. It was originally designed for the BMW jet engine, but that engine was not quite ready and the Junkers Jumo engine was substituted. Designed and built in just days to a specification issued to NAA by the British Purchasing Commission, the Mustang first flew in Royal Air Force RAF service as a fighter-bomber and reconnaissance aircraft before conversion to a bomber escort, employed in raids over Germany, helping ensure Allied air superiority from early At the start of Korean War the Mustang was the United Nations' main fighter but the role was quickly shouldered by jet fighters, including the F, after which the Mustang became a specialised ground-attack fighter-bomber.

In spite of being superseded by jet fighters the Mustang remained in service with some air forces until the early s. As well as being economical to produce, the Mustang was a fast, well-made, and highly durable aircraft. The definitive version, the PD, was powered by the Packard V, a two-stage two-speed supercharged version of the legendary Rolls-Royce Merlin engine, and was armed with six.

The Mustang's reputation was such that, in the mids, Ford Motor Company's Designer John Najjar proposed a new youth-oriented coupe automobile be named after the fighter. The Turbo Mustang III had radically increased performance, along with an associated increase in payload and decrease in cost of maintenance, and was equipped with Bristol ceramic armour to protect the engine, airframe and pilot. In , Piper built two Enforcers by heavily modifying two existing Mustang airframes, fitting them with Lycoming YTL-9A turboprop engines along with numerous other significant modifications.

Based on the P Mustang, the F was originally designed as a long-range escort fighter in World War II, however the war ended well before the first production units were operational, so its postwar role changed to that of night-fighting. The first three North Korean aircraft destroyed by U. Such missions were part of the planned U. It consisted of a two-fuselage design, somewhat similar to the experimental German Messerschmitt Bf Z "Zwilling". Although based on the lightweight experimental XPF, which would later become the PH Mustang, it was actually an entirely new design.

North American Design Chief Edgar Schmued incorporated two PH Mustang fuselages lengthened by the addition of a 57 in cm fuselage plug located behind the cockpit where additional fuel tanks and equipment could be installed. These were mounted to a newly designed center wing section containing the same six. The outer wings were strengthened to allow the addition of hard points for carrying additional fuel or 1, lb kg of ordnance. The two vertical tails were also from the XPF, but incorporated large dorsal fillets for added stability in case of an engine failure.

The aircraft had a standard landing gear with both wheels retracting into bays under each fuselage center section. Initially, the left engine was a V with a gear reduction box to allow the left propeller to turn opposite to the right propeller, which was driven by the more conventional V In this arrangement both propellers would turn upward as they approached the center wing, which in theory would have allowed better single-engine control.

This proved not to be the case when the aircraft refused to become airborne during its first flight attempt. After a month of work North American engineers finally discovered that rotating the propellers to meet in the center on their upward turn created sufficient drag to cancel out all lift from the center wing section, one quarter of the aircraft's total wing surface area. The engines and propellers were then exchanged, with their rotation meeting on the downward turn, and the problem was fully solved. The first XP prototype was completed on 25 May , and made the type's first successful flight on 26 June This aircraft was accepted by the Army Air Force on 30 August AAF officials were so impressed by the aircraft while still in development that they ordered the first production PBs in March , fully three months before the aircraft's first flight.

Prototype XPs, PBs and PEs retained both fully equipped cockpits so that pilots could fly the aircraft from either position, alternating control on long flights, while later night fighter versions kept the cockpit on the left side only, placing the radar operator in the right position.

As a result, none saw service during the war. These provided the fighter with excellent range and performance, however, the Army had always wanted to give the Twin Mustang a purely American and stronger engine than the foreign-designed P's V built at Packard plants, dismantled after the war. In addition, the licensing costs paid to Rolls-Royce for each V were being increased by Britain after the war.

It was found that Allison-powered P models demonstrated a lower top speed and poorer high-altitude performance than the earlier Merlin-powered versions. The earlier PB models were designated as trainers, while the "C" and later models were employed as fighters, making the P one of the few aircraft in U. Thacker made history when it flew nonstop from Hawaii to New York without refueling, a distance of 5, mi 8, km in 14 hr 32 min This flight tested the P's range. The aircraft carried a full internal fuel tank of gal 2, l , augmented by four gal 1, l tanks for a total of 1, gal 6, l.

Also, Colonel Thacker forgot to drop three of his external tanks when their fuel was expended, landing with them in New York. The aircraft chosen was an earlier "B" model powered by Rolls-Royce Merlin engines see "Survivors" below. Proving highly adaptable, it was also adopted by the U. Marine Corps and the U. Air Force, and by the mids had became a major part of their respective air wings. It can carry over 18, pounds 8, kg of weapons on nine external hardpoints, including air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles, and various bombs.

The F-4, like other interceptors of its time, was designed without an internal cannon, but later models incorporated a M61 Vulcan rotary cannon. Beginning in , it set 15 world records,[4] including an absolute speed record, and an absolute altitude record. Phantoms remain in front line service with seven countries, and in use as an unmanned target in the U.

The company developed several projects including a variant powered by a Wright J67 engine,[16] and variants powered by two Wright J65 engines, or two General Electric J79 engines. Uniquely, the aircraft was to be modular—it could be fitted with one- or two-seat noses for different missions, with different nose cones to accommodate radar, photo cameras, four 20 mm.

On 26 May , four Navy officers arrived at the McDonnell offices and, within an hour, presented the company with an entirely new set of requirements. Because the Navy already had the A-4 Skyhawk for ground attack and F-8 Crusader for dogfighting, the project now had to fulfill the need for an all-weather fleet defense interceptor. A second crewman was added to operate the powerful radar Nicknames The Phantom gathered a number of nicknames during its career.

Ground crewmen who worked on the aircraft are known as "Phantom Phixers". The Sukhoi Su Berkut Russian: A distinguishing feature of the aircraft was its forward-swept wing, similar to that of the Tsybin's LL And while serial production of the type never materialized, the sole aircraft produced served as a technology demonstrator prototype for a number of advanced techhnologies later used in the 4.

Originally known as the S, Sukhoi redesignated its advanced test aircraft as the Su in Officially nicknamed Berkut Golden Eagle , the Su was originally built as Russia's principal testbed for composite materials and sophisticated fly-by-wire control systems.

TsAGI has long been aware of the advantages of forward-swept wings, with research including the development of the Tsibin LL and study of the captured Junkers Ju in the s. Forward-swept wings yield a higher maximum lift coefficient, reduced bending moments, and delayed stall when compared to more traditional wing shapes. At high angles of attack, the wing tips remain unstalled allowing the aircraft to retain aileron control. Conversely, forward sweep geometrically creates increased angle of incidence of the outer wing sections when the wing bends under load.

This creates more lift, more load, more angle of incidence, etc. This leads to a tendency for the wings to fail structurally at lower speeds than for a straight or aft-swept wing. Forward swept wings counter this by being designed to twist downward as they bend upward. This twisting-as-it-bends is done with composite materials on the S, but it can also be done with conventional materials.

The project was launched in on order from the Soviet Air Force. But when the USSR dissolved, funding was frozen and development continued only through funding by Sukhoi. Like its US counterpart, the Grumman X, the Su was primarily a technology demonstrator for future Russian fighters; however, Sukhoi briefly attempted to market the Su to the Russian military and foreign customers as a production fighter in its own right.

To reduce development costs, the Su borrowed the forward fuselage, vertical tails, and landing gear of the Su family. Nonetheless, the aircraft includes reduced radar signature features including radar absorbent materials ,[ an internal weapons bay, and space set aside for an advanced radar. Though similar in overall concept to the American X research aircraft of the s, the Su is about twice the size and far closer to an actual combat aircraft than the US design.

To solve the problem of wing-twisting, the Su makes use of composite materials carefully tailored to resist twisting while still allowing the wing to bend for improved aerodynamic behavior. Due to its comparatively large wingspan the Su is to be equipped with folding wings in order to fit inside Russian hangars. Like its immediate predecessor, the Su, the Su is of tandem-triple layout, with canards ahead of wings and tailplanes. Interestingly, the Su has two tailbooms of unequal length outboard of the exhaust nozzles. The shorter boom, on the left-hand side, houses rear-facing radar, while the longer boom houses a brake parachute.

Maneuverability The Su has extremely high agility at subsonic speeds, enabling the aircraft to alter its angle of attack and its flight path very quickly while retaining maneuverability in supersonic flight. The Su has a maximum speed of Mach 1. The Su aircraft has very high levels of maneuverability with maintained stability and controllability at extreme angles of attack.

Maximum turn rates are important in close combat and also at medium and long range, when the mission may involve engaging consecutive targets in different sectors of the airspace. A high turn rate of the Su allows the pilot to turn the fighter aircraft quickly towards the next target to initiate the weapon launch. Like most other fighters with fly by wire controls, the Su achieves some of its high maneuverability through relaxed stability[ The swept-forward wing, compared to a swept-back wing of the same area, provides a number of advantages: The nose radome is slightly flattened at the fore section, and has a horizontal edge to optimise the aircraft's anti-spin characteristics.

Wings The forward-swept midwing gives the unconventional and characteristic appearance of the Su, earning it the nickname of 'devil' and 'slingshot'. A substantial part of the lift generated by the forward-swept wing occurs at the inner portion of the wingspan. The lift is not restricted by wingtip stall. The ailerons - the wing's control surfaces - remain effective at the highest angles of attack, and controllability of the aircraft is retained even in the event of airflow separating from the remainder of the wings' surface.

The forward-swept midwing has a high aspect ratio, which contributes to long-range performance. The leading-edge root extensions blend smoothly to the wing panels, which are fitted with deflectable slats on the leading edge; flaps and ailerons on the trailing edge. The all-moving and small-area trapezoidal canards are connected to the leading-edge root extensions. A downside of such a forward-swept wing design is that it geometrically produces wing twisting as it bends under load, resulting in greater stress on the wing than for a similar straight or aft-swept wing.

This requires the wing be designed to twist as it bends - opposite to the geometric twisting. This is done by the use of composites wing skins layed-up to twist. Despite this, the plane was initially limited to Mach 1. Recent engineering modifications have raised this limit, but the new limit has not been specified. Cockpit The cockpit's design has focused on maintaining a high degree of comfort for the pilot and also on the pilot being able to control the aircraft in extremely high g-load maneuvers. The aircraft is equipped with a new ejection seat and life support system. The seat allows dogfight and missile avoidance maneuvers with significantly higher g loadings than can normally be tolerable.

The Su pilot uses a side-mounted, low-travel control stick and a tensiometric throttle control. Pilots, however, claim that the cockpit gives them low visibility due to poor design. This reclined seating arrangement was first used in the American F The M46 was a medium tank that was designed in the United States. It was the first tank to be named after General George S. Patton, commander of the U.

S Army's principal medium gun tanks of the early Cold War, with models in service from to the mid s. Cold War allies, being exported only to Belgium, and only in small numbers to train crews on the upcoming M Designed initially as a heavy tank, the M26 Pershing tank was reclassified as a medium tank postwar. The M26 was a significant improvement over the M4 Sherman in firepower and protection.

Its mobility, however, was deemed unsatisfactory for a medium tank, as it used the same engine that powered the much lighter M4A3. Its underpowered engine was also plagued with an unreliable transmission. Work began in January on replacing the original power plant with the Continental AV engine and Allison CD cross-drive transmission. The design was initially called M26E2, but modifications continued to accumulate, and eventually the Bureau of Ordnance decided that the tank needed its own unique designation.

When the rebuild began in November, , the upgraded M26 received not only a new power plant and a main gun with bore evacuator, but a new designation along with a name - simply M In total, 1, M26s were rebuilt: The tank proved superior to the much lighter North Korean T, which were encountered in relatively small numbers. US instruction teams used the vehicles to train European tank crews and maintenance personnel. Egypt is currently the largest operator with 1, upgraded M60A3s, Turkey is second with more than upgraded units in service, and Israel is third with over units of Israeli variants.

In , plans were laid in the US for a tank with a mm main gun and a redesigned hull offering better armor protection. The resulting M60 series largely resembles the M48 it was based on, but has significant differences. The M60 mounted a bore evacuated mm main gun, compared with the M48's 90 mm, had a hull with a straight front slope where as the M48's hull was rounded, had three support rollers per side to the M48's five, and had road wheels constructed from aluminum rather than steel. The improved design incorporated a Continental V hp air-cooled, twin-turbocharged diesel engine, extending operational range to over miles km while reducing both refueling and servicing.

Power was transmitted to a final drive through a cross drive transmission, a combined transmission, differential, steering, and braking unit. The hull of the M60 was a single piece steel casting divided into three compartments, with the driver in front, fighting compartment in the middle and engine at the rear. The M60 was the last U. It was also the last to feature an escape hatch under the hull. Originally designated the M68, the new vehicle was put into production in , reclassified as the M60, and entered service in Over 15, M60s all variants were http: The tank is fitted with reactive armor and an M-9 bulldozer kit.

The M60A1s were fitted with add-on explosive reactive armor ERA packages and supported the drive into Kuwait City where they were involved in a two day tank battle at the Kuwait airport with the loss of only one vehicle and no crew. The M88 series has seen action most noticeably in Vietnam, the Gulf War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and to a lesser extent during the Kosovo War where they were deployed to help recover heavy armored vehicles of the Allied ground units. It was first introduced in , and four main versions of the tank have been developed and deployed. The "Merkava" name was derived from the IDF's initial development program name.

It is optimized for crew survival and rapid repair of battle damage. Following the model of contemporary self-propelled howitzers, the turret assembly is located nearer the rear than in most main battle tanks. This gives the crew additional protection against a frontal attack by putting the engine between them and the attack. This arrangement also creates more space in the rear of the tank that allows increased storage capacity, as well as a rear entrance to the main crew compartment allowing easy access even under enemy fire. This allows the tank to be used as a platform for medical disembarkation, a forward command and control station, and an armored personnel carrier.

The rear entrance's clamshell-style doors provide overhead protection when off- and on-loading cargo and personnel. It was reportedly decided shortly before the beginning of the Lebanon War that the Merkava line would be discontinued within four years. Israel's economy and national reserves, backed by U. In , Israel's military establishment began research and development on a domestically-produced tank, the "Sabra"[citation needed] Hebrew slang for a Jew born in Israel, not to be confused with the modern Sabra tank.

Initially, Britain and Israel collaborated to develop the United Kingdom's Chieftain tank that had entered British Army service in Israel Tal, who was serving as a brigade commander after the Suez Crisis, restarted plans to produce an Israeli-made tank, drawing on lessons from the Yom Kippur War, in which Israeli forces were outnumbered by those of the Middle East's Arab nations.

Realizing that they could not win wars of attrition, the Israelis set stringent requirements of crew survivability and safety for the new tank platform. After a brief set of trials, work began to retool the Tel HaShomer ordnance depot for full-time development and construction. After the new facilities were completed, the Merkava was announced to the public in the International Defense Review periodical. The first official images of the tank were then released to the American periodical Armed Forces Journal on May 14, The IDF did not officially adopt the tank until December , when the first full battalion of 30 tanks was delivered for initial unit training.

Merkava Mark I The Mark I is the original design created as a result of Israel Tal's decision, and was fabricated and designed for mass production. It was armed with the millimeter M68 main gun a licensed copy of the British Royal Ordnance L7 , two 7. The general design borrows the tracks from the British Centurion tank, which had seen extensive use during the Yom Kippur war. The Merkava was first used in combat during the Lebanon War where Israel deployed units.

After the war many adjustments and additions were noted and designed, the most important being that the 60 mm mortar needed to be installed within the hull and engineered for remote firing—a valuable feature the Israelis had initially encountered on their Centurion Mk3s with their 2" mortar MkIII[9].

A shot trap was found beneath the rear of the turret bustle where a well-placed shot could jam the turret completely. Installation of chain netting to disperse and destroy rocket propelled grenades and anti-tank rockets before impacting the primary armor increased survivability. The new tank was optimized for urban warfare and low intensity conflicts, with a weight and engine no greater than the Mark I[10].

The Mark II used the same millimeter main gun and 7. An Israeli-designed automatic transmission and increased fuel storage for increased range was installed on all further Mark IIs. Anti-rocket netting was fitted for increased survivability against infantry equipped with anti-tank rockets. Many minor improvements were made to the fire-control system. Updated meteorological sensors, crosswind analyzers, and thermographic optics and image intensifiers gave greater visibility and battlefield awareness. Incrementally improved versions of the original Mark II were designated: The most prominent addition was the incorporation of the locally-developed IMI mm gun.

The turret was re-engineered for movement independent of the tank chassis, allowing it to track a target regardless of the tank's movement. Many other improvements were made, including: Tank rounds are stored in individual fire-proof canisters, which reduce the chance of cookoffs in a fire inside the tank. The turret is "dry"; no active rounds are stored in it. Some features, such as hull shaping, exterior non-reflective paints, and shielding for engine heat plumes mixing with air particles to confuse enemy thermal imagers, were carried over from the IAI Lavi program of the Israeli Air Force to make the tank harder to spot.

The Mark IV includes the larger mm main gun of the previous versions but can fire a wider variety of ammunition, including HEAT and sabot rounds like the APFSDS kinetic energy penetrator, using an electrical semi-automatic revolving magazine for 10 rounds. It also includes a much larger Upgraded fire control system The new fire-control system enables the Merkava to shoot down helicopters and find and destroy armored attack helicopters such as the French Gazelle and the ubiquitous Russian Mil Mi, both used by Israel's neighbors. In service since The vehicle was initially called Nemmera Hebrew: Like Merkava Mark IV it is optimized for high level of crew survival on the battlefield.

Namer may carry up to 12 crewmen and infantrymen and a stretcher, or two stretchers and medical equipment. On July 20, , StrategyPage Reported that the first fifteen Namers will be delivered in , and over a hundred more will finally equip two combat brigades. Page 1 of 7. T for North America armored transport N.

T for North America armored transport was the first in was a Large Company but grew and very large N. T was a transport mercenary unit as a support unit but North America Mercenary Escort Services was affront unit to test and be an all out while N. T would be fully support combat.

S was an all out merc unit. T stay unknown but N. S was known and stay under the radar of the coalition it able to dance a very find line during the rise of the coalition sates N. S was able to save thousand of family during what N. S Call the purge wars. S allowed setting a plan into motion not to take over the coalition states but to survive under it but they notice there was a hidden force behind the coalition states and that was the republicans.

S were the first to see them and when they got the fuel plan into well step down one the republicans plan was noble but was putting their eggs in a basket and avoided at all cost no matter what was their option. Then republicans failed and forum this type neo-Nazi government and it was a shock for them. The main secret was that N. Just before the formation of the coalition states, many saw in shock what happen to the worlds and to North America and could beat the begin of the coalition states with time but would be able to hold ground and magic was also against N.

S and well it was better to honker down. S for a future of hidden shadows operations while N. S took in the front operations, it help new comer in the MDC arms race. Thanks to an A. M Tech personal staff that joined them military was able to make negation with just about all the well know in North America. They were well know in other part of north America where the coalition states has not arrive but are well aware of the coalition states thanks to N.

While Wellington industries W. T came in and help keeping cost down as a transport company or so many thought but N. T had fire that rival any mercenary company, merchant force as they were called first or magic as well for they collected magic items as well and help big time. T was getting too big N. S was made this allowed to bring new blood in from the locals and from many families that would die during the purge wars hundreds of not thousands join and help N.

S has brown water and limited navy which no one knew at the time. This saved many during the purge wars while N. T had a conventional air force and army way, N. S used marine and Parra trooper ideas it works well. R For getting supplies and support they are well know with these unit or area. T and a known merc unit for N. S and it has help big time. It throws the coalition states N. T as a little well unknown and a wanna be know mercenary unit play with the big boys.

S have many spies in coalition states they are not know yet. They always help N. S they are in the hundreds in all level from the military to civilian area. Some even work under the emperor and under his son as well as the intelligence department and even in lone star!!! They gotten a lot of Naruni enterprise Tech and are adapting for N.

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