Development of membranes and membrane processes for applications in separation Polymer Technology Centre Forschungsplattform. Using satellite radar images, scientists at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht HZG are investigating how wind turbines in the German Bight are modifying the wind conditions in the surrounding area. Radar technology has shown these effects up to 70 kilometres behind the installations. Results that may be significant for the optimal siting and operation of future plants. More than 1, wind turbines are already in operation in the German Bight and the Baltic Sea.
According to plans set out by the German government, the capacity of offshore parks is to be expanded to a total of 15 gigawatt by Dr Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth, coastal researcher at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht and one of the authors of the study published in the Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, says on the subject: To help minimising shadowing effects, we are analysing satellite images, which can contribute to improved model simulations of the changed wind conditions.
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The bright dots visible in the magnification are the individual wind turbines in the wind farm. Dark areas indicate a smooth sea surface. Areas with higher wind speeds and resulting rougher sea show up as as brighter areas.
In their work, the Geesthacht coastal researchers use radar images provided by the Earth observation satellites Sentinel-1 and TerraSar-X. Since waves in the North Sea are mainly caused by wind, the images allow conclusions to be drawn about wind conditions.
Even up to as much as 70 kilometres behind the turbines of the offshore wind farms, the scientists have been able to detect large-scale wakes. The wind speeds in these areas are lower than in undisturbed areas and the energy yield is reduced as a result. This is because the upstream wind turbines act as an obstacle to the wind and slow it down.
Comparisons with meteorological measurements at the research platform FINO-1, which is located 50 kilometres off the island of Borkum in direct proximity to the Alpha Ventus wind farm, have also shown that the length of the wakes depends on the stability in the atmosphere. For example, in a situation where the water is warm and the air above it is cold, this creates a situation like in a pot with boiling water.
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