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The first pup is usually born within 2 hours of these strong contractions. Pups are usually born at intervals of minutes, but hours in between is not uncommon. A few strong contractions should discard the pup, they should exit the birth canal within 10 minutes of being visible.
The entire litter is usually born within 12 hours. Following delivery, the mother should like the newborns face.
The pup is usually born in a sac, which the bitch breaks. This is likely to happen with the first 1 or 2 pups of a maiden bitch. Vigorous washing by the mother stimulates circulation, causing the pup to cry and begin to breathe, it also dries the pups coat sometimes this can look a little rough. If the dog does not lick her pups, the vigorous rubbing with a warm, soft towel will stimulate the circulation and dry the hair.
If the pup does not start to breathe, gently blowing into the mouth can assist respiration. The mother will sever the umbilical cord by chewing it about 1 inch from the body. If the umbilical cord is not broken it should be torn about 1 inch from the body with your finger nails, or tired with sewing thread or dental floss about 1 inch from the body and then cut with clean scissors.
The afterbirth is discarded if not eaten by the bitch which is normal. Be sure to count that a placenta follows each pup born. Liquids may be offered to the bitch in between pups. After all the pups are expelled the bitch will usually settle down to allow the pups to start suckling.
Healthy pups sleep and eat and sleep. There should be no continual crying.
When whelping is proceeding normally the bitch should be left undisturbed. Do not handle the pups or interfere unnecessarily with the bitch. If we are closed, contact the Western Animal Emergency Centre at Werribee which is staffed 24 hours a day on 03 Difficulty delivering dystocia may be managed with or without surgery.
The condition of the mother, size of the litter and size of the pups are factors used in making that decision.
Have a bitch and pups checked within 24 hours of whelping. This visit is to check the mother for complete delivery and can overcome many potentially serious complications. The pups are wrapped in a towel and taken to the clinic in a box with a hot water bottle if indicated. The mother may receive an injection to contract the uterus and stimulate milk production. The bitch will have a vaginal discharge post whelping; this is normal and should have stopped by 3 weeks, indicating that the wall of the uterus is healed.
She may need up to 2. An excellent diet is essential — we recommend and stock Royal Canin dry puppy food, also make sure she has plenty of fresh, clean water available. Small bitches seem to be more prone to this. Treatment by a veterinary surgeon without delay is essential. This may be necessary if the litter is very large or the bitch has little milk.
It is always best to top up all the pups rather than feeding some formula and others off the bitch. Leave all the pups with the bitch overnight. Midwest Book Reviews, 1 May This is an excellent, easily read textbook, which is a must have for veterinary students, where in many UK veterinary schools the discipline of clinical reproduction has been neglected in the undergraduate curriculum in recent years, particularly compared with those in mainland Europe and the USA. It will also be a useful addition to required reading for veterinary nurses and, without doubt, serious dog breeders.
Veterinary Record, 6 April Toon meer Toon minder.
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Keep the number of people visiting to an absolute minimum, and do not allow them to touch the pups for the first weeks to avoid disease transmission. Milk starts forming in the mammary gland weeks prepartum, and may drip for a day or two before birth.
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If the bitch has insufficient milk for a large litter, special milk replacers such as Esbilac must be used. Healthy, satisfied pups will wake, cry for a few moments, nurse, then sleep again.
Unhealthy or hungry pups will cry for extended periods, then fall quiet as they weaken. These pups need immediate attention! Some bitches will experience hypocalcemia low blood calcium , especially if they are nursing large litters, in the first weeks of lactation. These bitches are nervous and restless, progressing to panting, whining, incoordination and collapse. This is a medical emergency! Feeding calcium supplements during pregnancy increases the problem.
Ensure a good-quality ration for your bitch, not a local or elevator brand. Feed her normally for the first weeks of pregnancy, then start adding puppy food to the ration for the last 4 weeks. This will ensure protein, vitamins and mineral levels adequate for the growing pups. DO NOT feed calcium supplements to a pregnant bitch — this will only increase the chance of hypocalcemia. During the nursing period, feed her puppy food. Start offering the puppies food at 4 weeks — moisten dry puppy food to a mush with water not milk. When they are completely weaned, fast the bitch for 24 hours to decrease milk production, then place her on her pre-pregnancy ration.
Puppies can be completely weaned by 6 weeks, but should remain with their littermates until 8 weeks to ensure normal behavioral development. We will supply you with a safe dewormer to use on your bitch 2 weeks prepartum. She should be dewormed again after the pups are born, and the puppies should be dewormed at weeks and weeks of age.
Pups should receive their first vaccinations at weeks, and receive boosters every weeks after that, through at least 16 weeks.
Pups born in the spring and summer should receive heartworm preventive medication starting at weeks. Breeding an animal is a serious endeavor and should be considered carefully. Any experienced dog breeder will tell you that proper breeding, including good nutrition and health care, is rewarding, but very demanding and rarely profitable! Any animal not used for breeding will remain in better health if spayed or neutered.